基于“认知预期”的情境意识预测模型

A Predictive Model of Situation Awareness Based on Cognitive Expectation

目的通过建模对操作者情境意识水平做出量化预测,拓宽情境意识的理论和实践研究。方法研究整合了信息重要程度、训练水平、人机界面适人性设计和人员动机等几项因素,提出了"认知预期"的概念,建立了基于"认知预期"的一般性情境意识模型。并针对信息重要程度和训练水平两个因素,在手控交会对接操作实验平台上,进行了初学者和熟练者的实验验证,对比分析了预测值、操作绩效、情境意识测量值。结果实测指标和预测值的总体变化趋势一致;初学者模型预测值和绩效表现得分、SART(situational awareness rating technique)、SAGAT(situation awareness global assessment technique)分值有显著的相关关系(r>0.50,P<0.01);熟练者人群的总体情境意识水平可由初学者数据拟合的线性回归方程预测。结论提出的理论模型具有在手控交回对接操作任务中预测特定人群平均情境意识水平的能力。

Objective To predict an operation＇ s situation awareness level through modeling,so as to broaden the theoretic and practical study of situation awareness（ SA）. Methods Four factors including information significance,training level,ergonomical design of human-computer interface and motivation were integrated to form a new definition of ＂Cognitive Expectation＂,based on which a general model of SA was built. The predicted values of the model and the performance scores,measured SA scores were compared and analyzed on the manually controlled rendezvous and docking（ RVD） platform between freshmen and experts to verify the validation of the model. Results The measured scores and predicted values shared the same general trends;the predicted values and performance scores,SART scores and SAGAT scores,were significantly correlated（ r〉0. 50,P〈0. 01）; the overall SA level of experts could be predicted through the linear regression equation generated by the data of freshmen. Conclusion The SA model of this study can predict the overall SA level of special population under RVD operational environment.