强脉冲磁场冲击处理对铝基复合材料塑性的影响机制

Mechanism of high pulsed magnetic field treatment of the plasticity of aluminum matrix composites

铝基复合材料在加入颗粒相之后,延伸率和塑性变形能力明显降低.为改善其塑性变形能力,通过对比强脉冲磁场冲击处理前后试样内部组织和残余应力的变化特征,研究了磁致塑性效应对铝基复合材料塑性变形能力的影响机理.结果表明:当磁感应强度从2 T变化到4 T时,铝基复合材料中位错密度显著增加,4 T时的位错密度是未加磁场时的3.1倍;3 T,30个脉冲处理后的复合材料中残余应力值从未加磁场时的41 MPa减小为-1 MPa.从原子尺度来看,强磁场导致了磁致塑性效应,从而引起了位错的运动,并促进了位错的退钉扎和可移动位错数量的增加;从材料内部整体结构变化来看,磁场加速了材料内应力的释放速率,降低了材料内部的残余应力,从而改善了铝基复合材料的塑性变形能力.

For aluminum matrix composite, the introduced particles will strengthen the matrix, but as the obstacles, the heterogeneous particles will hinder the dislocation movement, generate uneven material structure, and may become a source of stress concentration. Therefore, they are detrimental severely to the elongation and plasticity of composite. It is known that dislocations exhibit a paramagnetic behavior because they contain paramagnetic centers including localized electrons, holes, triplet excitons, ion radicals, etc. The initial radical pair of the dislocation-obstacle S （spin angular momentum） = ~ 1/2 is in a singlet state, and the total spin of the radical pair is 0 and in the antiparallel spin direction, offsetting a magnetism of the radical pair. The magnetic field can change the spin direction from singlet state to triplet state. In the triplet state the electron spin is 1 and in the same spin direction. A strong bond of the dislocation-obstacle is formed only in the singlet state when the spins of the two electrons are antiparallel. So an obstacle is able to pin a dislocation only if the radical pair is in the singlet state. Under the condition of high pulsed magnetic field treatment （HPMFT） the conversion of electronic spin will be a fundamental cause of dislocation motion along a glide plane. The movement of pinned dislocations will change the material microstructure and influence the performance of material. By comparing the microstructural evolutions and the residual stresses of samples subjected to HPMFT with different values of magnetic induced density （B）, the positive influence of magnetoplastic effect on the plasticity of aluminum matrix composite is investigated in this paper. The results show that the dislocation density is significantly increased when B changes from 2 T to 4 T. When B = 4 T the dislocation density is enhanced by 3.1 times compared with that of the sample without HPMFT. Moreover, the residual stress is reduced apparently from 41 MPa （B -- 0） to -1 MPa （B = 3 T）. In the view of atomic scale, the high magnetic field leads to a magnetoplastic effect which contributes to the dislocation movement and promotes the dislocation depinning, thereafter, the number of movable dislocations increases up. From the viewing of the internal structure of composite, the magnetic field accelerates the releasing rate of internal stress and lowers the residual stress in material, which is beneficial to improving the plasticity of aluminum matrix composite.