施工粉尘健康损害量化评价

Health damage assessment model for construction dust

为了完善建筑工程健康损害评价体系,提升施工人员职业健康水平,该文基于健康风险评价法和健康损害量化评价,建立施工粉尘健康损害评价框架。针对不同施工阶段不同工种进行粉尘损害评价,并用社会意愿支付法货币化损害结果。结合实际工程,将评价模型运用于某住宅项目主体结构施工阶段,得到各工种的粉尘健康损害值,并进行对比分析。结果表明:评价模型可以用于施工粉尘的健康损害评价;不同工种的粉尘健康损害存在明显差异;在主体结构阶段,木工受到的粉尘污染最为严重。

Construction dust is one of the most significant occupational health threats for field workers. Thus, the impact of dust on human health must be accurately evaluated to improve building health impact assessments and occupational health management. A health risk evaluation system and building health impact assessment system were used to develop a health damage assessment model to evaluate the effects of dust pollution from various construction activities at different stages and to monetize the evaluation results. A typical residential building in Beijing is used as a case sample with major activities at the main structure construction stage as evaluated objectives to illustrate the evaluation steps and demonstrate the model＇s application and operation. The health effect analysis among worker groups shows obvious differences in the dust pollution among various construction activities, with carpenters suffering the most health damage from dust during the main structure construction stage.