社区初中生体质发育现况分析

A cross-sectional survey on the status of main physical development among the junior middle school students in Hangzhou City

目的了解社区初中生主要身体形态指标和机能指标的发育现况。方法采用随机整群抽样法选取杭州市蒋村(文新)街道4所初中537名初中生的体检报告,计算各年级段学生身高、体重、肺活量、收缩压、舒张压和脉搏等的平均值,参照中国初中生身高标准体重评价初三学生的发育状况;并比较不同体质指数学生的肺活量和血压差异。结果杭州市蒋村初中生身高、体重、肺活量和血压随年龄呈逐年上升趋势,脉搏趋于相对恒定。其中,肺活量与身高、体重呈现明显的相关和依存关系(P均<0.01),血压与身高、体重呈现弱相关和依存关系,脉搏与身高、体重无相关和依存关系(P均>0.05)。初三学生体质指数评价结果为:消瘦(男9.47%,女0.73%),较低体重(男44.70%,女27.47%),正常体重(男23.11%,女47.99%),超重(男5.68%,女6.59%),肥胖(男17.05%,女17.22%)。不同体质指数男女生的肺活量和血压分别进行比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论杭州市蒋村(文新)街道初中生主要身体形态和机能指标总体发育良好,但男生消瘦和较低体重的比例明显高于女生,男女生肥胖人数也存在一定比例,不容忽视。

Objective To know the status of main physical development among the junior middle school students. Methods A total of 537 students from 4 middle schools of Jiangcun and Wenxin community were selected by cluster sampling method.Height,weight,vital capacity,systolic pressure,diastolic pressure and pulse were measured. The physical developmental status of students in the grade three was evaluated according to the Chinese Junior Middle School Student＇s Height- Weight Standard. The vital capacity and blood pressure were compared among the students with different physical fitness index.Results The height,weight,vital capacity and blood pressure of those students increased with age. Vital capacity and blood pressure were associated with height and weight（ both P〈0. 05）,while pulse was not statistically associated with height and weight（ P〉0. 05）. The results of emaciation（ male： 9. 47%,female： 0. 73%）,underweight（ male：44. 70%,female： 27. 47%）,normal weight（ male： 23. 11%,female： 47. 99%）,overweight（ male： 5. 68%,female：6. 59%） and obesity（ male： 17. 05%,female： 17. 22%） were found by the physical fitness index evaluation. There were significant differences between males and females on vital capacity and blood pressure among students with different physical fitness index. Conclusion The major physical fitness index of junior middle school students in this study shows that they were well developed,while the proportion of emaciation and underweight among the male students is obviously higher than that of the female students. Health education and health promotion should be strengthened.