河北省衡水市雾霾灾害天气演变特征分析

Evolution Characteristics of Fog and Haze Disaster Weather in Hengshui City of Hebei Province

以1960-2013年河北省衡水市地面观测站资料为依据,运用线性倾向估计、Morlet小波分析、MannKendall突变检验等方法对衡水市雾、霾日数的演变特征及周期进行了分析,结果表明:1960-2013年衡水市雾日数是增多的趋势,而霾日数(1971-2013年)是减少的趋势。四季中雾日数冬季>秋季>夏季>春季,霾日数冬季>秋季>春季>夏季;雾、霾日数均是12月最多,1月份次之。1971-2013年衡水共出现雾日766 d,其中浓雾日最多,强浓雾最少,共出现霾日491 d,其中轻微霾最多,中度霾最少。连续3 d及以上大雾天气110次,1990年代年平均连续大雾次数最多,1960年代最少,连续大雾多出现在冬季;连续3 d及以上霾日24次,1980年代最多,大部分连续霾日都出现在11月至次年2月。衡水市年雾日数和各月雾日数的周期性特征显著,目前大多处于雾日偏多期,年雾日数和12个月中6个月的雾日数发生了突变。

According to ground station data in Hengshui city from 1960 to 2013,evolution characteristics and cycle of fog or haze days in Hengshui city are analyzed by linear trend estimate,Morlet wavelet analysis,MannKendall mutation testing methods,etc.Results show that： fog days in Hengshui city from 1960 to 2013 is increasing,while the haze days（1971-2013） are decreasing.Fog days are as winter 〉autumn 〉spring〉 summer,and haze days are as winter 〉autumn 〉spring 〉summer.Fog,haze days are the most in December,followed in January.From 1971 to 2013 in Hengshui there were 766 fog days,most of which were of dense fog,and strong dense fog ones were the least; there were 491 haze days,most of which were of light haze,and moderate ones were the least; Continuous heavy fog weather of 3d and above were 110 times,the average annual continuous heavy fog occurred most in 1990 s and least in 1960 s,continuous fog appeared most in winter; haze days of continuous 3d and above were 24 times,most in 1980 s,and most of the continuous haze appeared in November to next February.The periodic characteristics of the annual fog days and the number of months of fog days in Hengshui City are significant,mostly in the fog day partial multi period.The number of yearly fog days and the days of 6 among 12 months mutated.