解析罗素的两种逻辑原子:性质和关系

An analysis of Russell's two kinds of logical atoms: quality and relation

罗素认可的逻辑原子有三类:殊体、性质和关系,殊体的界定在罗素的体系中相对明确,而他关于性质和关系的学说却一直摇摆不定。他将性质和关系分别分为性质共相、性质共相的例子、关系共相、关系共相的例子。总体而言,他对性质和关系持有实在论的立场,只是在不同时期对这四类共相是否存在的问题他的立场稍有不同。通过澄清其关于性质和关系的学说,以明确他本人及学界在共相问题上的争议何在。

Three kinds of logical atoms are acknowledged by Russell： particulars, qualities and relations. The definition of particular in Russell＇s system is relatively clear and fixed, but his standpoint on quality and relation is always vacillating. He divides quality and relation into four classes： universal quality, examples of universal quality, universal relation and examples of universal relation. Generally speaking, he holds the standpoint of realism when discussing the existence of quality and relation, but in different phases his view about the existence of the four universals is not always the same. The essay aims to clear up Russell＇s doctrine of quality and relation in order to unveil the difference of the debates on the universal between Russell and other scholars.