论假设性法律推理

On the hypothetical legal reasoning

假设性推理是相对于演绎推理和归纳推理提出的"第三类推理",其基本特征主要体现在前提的不完备性、结论的非单调性和过程的对话性上。法律推理是一种在特定语境中进行的言语交际活动。正是语境如影随形地影响着法律推理的整个言语进程,法律推理才呈现出假设性的特征,作为假设性推理而存在。假设性法律推理的提出并不是对法律推理其他逻辑形式的否定,而是对法律推理逻辑属性的进一步认识和深化。在追求确定性和可预测性的基础上,肯认法律推理的假设性,法律推理就有了更加全面而统一的逻辑基础。

Hypothetical reasoning is ＂the third type of reasoning＂ which is relative to deductive reasoning and inductive reasoning and whose basic characteristics are mainly embodied in the imperfect premise, the non-monotonic conclusion and the dialogic process. Legal reasoning is a kind of verbal communication activity in a specific context. It is the context that affects the entire speech process in legal reasoning which presents hypothetical traits, existing as hypothetical reasoning. Hypothetical legal reasoning is not a denial to other legal reasoning logic forms, but a further understanding of legal reasoning logic properties. Based on pursuing certainty and predictability, hypothetical legal reasoning is affirmed, which provides a more comprehensive and unified logic basis.