食品安全监管国际软法体系探析

The system of international soft law on food safety supervision

由于具备了形成动因、资源以及进路,食品安全监管国际软法渐成体系。该体系由政府间国际组织制定的食品安全监管国际软法、非政府间国际组织制定的食品安全监管国际软法与双边或诸边食品安全监管国际软法三类构成。虽非层次分明,但仍构成一个内容相对完整、存在基础性规范与专门性规范之分并拥有私营软法规范作为重要组成部分的国际法次级体系,相对独立并具备一定内部秩序,以食物权为其保障的核心权利,并呈现出极强的技术性,同时体系外延存在拓展性。未来,食品安全监管国际软法体系的影响力将在硬法规则的支撑与监督下持续扩大,但在食品安全监管权配置规范方面的完善仍步履维艰。面对食品安全监管国际软法体系的现状与未来,我国应当抱着开放接纳、选择性实施、积极参与构建的态度,与此同时,也应高度关注食品安全监管国际软法体系中某些规范是否潜在对贸易的限制与扭曲。

Owing to the motivation, resources, and pathes of its formation, international soft law in food safety supervision has become a system. The system consists of intemational soft law in food safety supervision formulated by inter-governmental international organizations, international inter-governmental organizations or bilateral or plurilateral soft law in food safety supervision. The system, though not distinctly-structured, has been an interational system with relatively complete content, fundamental norms and specifical norms as well as private soft standards as an important part. The system is a secondary system belonging to the system of the international law, being relatively independent, hosting certain internal order, boasting the right to food as the core right of safety, showing a strong technical characteristic and being extensively connotated. In the future, the system of international soft law in food safety supervision will continue to expand in the support and supervision of hard law, but it is extremely difficult to improve those rules about the power distribution of food safety regulation. Confronted with the state and future of the system, China should be open to accept, implement selectively and participate in the construction actively. At the same time, we must pay intensive attention to the possibility of trade restriction and distortion in the development of the system.