民族宗教学建构过程中的问题意识与理论思考

The Problem Consciousness in the Constructing of the Ethnic Religious Studies and Theoretical Considerations

民族宗教学作为民族学与宗教学的交叉学科,是一门新兴的人文学科。在学科建构的过程中,出现诸多的难题与困境。这样的困难一方面在于我国民族与宗教议题的多元复杂性,另一方面在于西方理论与方法的中国实用性。民族宗教学学科建构的理念与目标,在于探索与建立独立的中国宗教学理论方法,以回应和解决中国语境中的民族宗教议题,这样的议题主要包括民族宗教的定位、分类、本土化与类型化、民族与宗教关系,而目前的经济文化类型理论、宗教生态论、宗教文化融合理论等,能作为回应和解决相关议题并在此基础上探索与建构新的中国化宗教理论的重要基础。

The Ethnic Religious Studies,as an interdiscipline of ethnology and religions,is a new branch in humanities. In its building,there are many problems and difficulties coming to the fore. On the one hand,the problems lie in the multivariate complexity of China＇s ethnic and religious issues,on the other hand,the crux of the problems rests in whether the western theories and methods are applicable in China. The principle and goal for the constructing of the discipline consists in the exploration and the establishment of an independent local theory to respond to and solve the ethnic and religious issues in the context of China. These issues include the orientation,classification,localization and categorization of the ethnic religions,as well as the relation of ethnic and religions. Currently,the theory of economic and cultural types,ecological theory of religion,and the theory about fusion of religions and culture,can be used as responses and solutions to the related issues,and more importantly,they provide the fundamental for the exploration and construction of a new Chinese religious theory.