控制单元水环境受损综合诊断方法研究

Comprehensive diagnosis method of water environment damage of control unit

控制单元水环境受损诊断是控制单元水质目标管理的基础工作。为全面、客观地评价控制单元水环境问题,提出了分类分级综合指标评价法,对控制单元的水质、物理生境、生物生态受损程度进行综合评估。首先,根据水环境受损类型将评价指标划分为化学、物理、生物三类;其次,采用专家打分法确定系统指标权重,利用多级递进百分制量化指标分值;最后,利用综合得分评价控制单元水体受损类型和受损程度,受损程度可依据综合得分划分为几乎未受损、轻度受损、中度受损、中重度受损、重度受损五个等级。以大辽河控制单元为例,对控制单元水环境受损状况进行诊断分析,结果表明该河段受损类型属物理损害和生物损害,且水体耗氧类污染较重,综合受损程度为轻度受损。

The water environmental damage diagnosis of control unit is the basis of the water quality target management of control unit.In order to evaluate the water environment of control unit comprehensively,the classification and grading comprehensive index evaluation method was proposed to evaluate the water quality,physical habitat,and ecological damage of control unit.First,the water environment damage types were divided into chemical damage,physical damage,and biological damage.Second,the expert scoring method was used to determine the index weight,and the multistage progressive centesimal system was used to quantify the comprehensive score index.Finally,based on the comprehensive score,the damage type and damage degree of control unit were evaluated,and the damage degree can be divided into no damage,slight damage,moderate damage,moderately severe damaged,and severely damaged.The method was applied to evaluate the water environment damage in the control unit in the Daliao River,which suggested that the damage types are physical and biological damages,the oxygen consumption pollution is heavy,and the comprehensive damage degree is slight.