《聊斋志异》与前四史

聊斋志异 and So-called Four Premier Historic Works

《聊斋志异》写作转益多师,除《四书》、《五经》、《楚辞》、《战国策》等先秦文献外,前四史即《史记》、《汉书》、《后汉书》、《三国志》一类史书中的词语典故,也是蒲松龄刻意效法或化用的对象。有目的地找出《聊斋志异》文字与前四史词语典故的相关性联系,对于我们探讨这部文言短篇小说集的创作方法大有助益,对于清人以及今人注释中的有关误读或错解也有一定的廓清作用。本文从注家理解《聊斋志异》所涉及的前四史书证正确与否、从蒲松龄如何巧妙灵活运用前四史词语典故等方面立论,同时涉及利用前四史书证对《聊斋志异》文字加以校勘辨析的问题。

Pu Songling＇s Liaozhaizhiyi（聊斋志异）benefited from more than one kind of resources. It drew on not only some pre-Qin literatures, such as the Four Books（四书）, the Five Classics（五经）, The Songs of Chu（楚辞）and Strategies of the Warring States（战国策）, but also the words and stories in the historical works, so-called four premier historical works： Shiji（史记）, Hanshu（汉书）, Houhanshu（后汉书）, Sanguozhi（三国志）. If we can discover the relations between Pu＇s book and the four historical works, it will be more helpful for us to explore the ways of creation in this Chinese classic short-story collection and to partly clarify some contemporary misreadings and the misunderstandings. This paper tries to focus on discriminating the previous scholars＇ comments on the relation between Liaozhaizhiyi and the four historical works, how Pu Songling used these the words and stories to make his points, and meanwhile it tries to discriminate and analyze the words of Liaozhaizhiyi（聊斋志异）in reference of these four history texts.