水曲柳生长性状种源与地点互作及优良种源选择

Provenances by Sites Interaction of Growth Traits and Provenance Selection of Fraxinus mandshurica

【目的】选育适生于帽儿山、带岭、露水河试验地及毗邻地区的生产力高、稳定性好的水曲柳种源。【方法】以帽儿山、带岭与露水河等试点的20个水曲柳种源为材料,对其14年生树高、胸径和材积进行调查并进行单点、多点方差分析与多重比较,然后用Eberhart&Russell联合回归分析法的回归系数bi对20个水曲柳种源进行稳定性分析,最后用趋势面对水曲柳的地理变异进行分析。【结果】1)水曲柳树高、胸径和材积在种源间、地点间、种源和地点交互作用间差异均极显著;其中露水河试点树高较大的种源依次为海林(7.55 m)、带岭(7.34 m)、露水河(7.05 m),胸径较大的种源依次为海林(6.13 cm)、露水河(5.47 cm),材积最大的种源为海林(14 909 cm3);帽儿山试点树高最大的种源为五常(7.62 m),胸径最大的种源为五常(6.79 cm),材积最大的种源为五常(16 747 cm3);带岭试点树高较大的种源依次为兴隆(5.67 m)、临江(5.65 m)、东方红(5.61 m),胸径最大的种源为临江(5.07 cm),材积最大的种源为临江(7 984 cm3)。3个试点树高表现优良的种源为五常(6.35 m);胸径最大的种源为临江(5.35 cm);材积最大的种源为海林(10 546 cm3)、材积排名第二的种源为五常(9 857 cm3)、材积排名第三的种源为临江(9 818 cm3)。2)稳定性分析结果表明友好、临江、西丰、带岭、汪清、汤旺河6个种源具有平均稳定性,兴隆、露水河、恒仁、海林、弯甸子、绥棱、三岔子7个种源具有高稳定性,辉南、帽儿山、方正、东方红、沾河、桦南、五常7个种源稳定性较差,在有利的环境条件下才具有很大的丰产潜力。3)地理变异分析表明纬度对水曲柳生长具有较大的影响,在西北—东南这一条直线附近的种源材积较高,随着与西北—东南一线距离的增大而降低。【结论】通过比较2年、6年与14年林龄的种源选择结果,发现相对于2年林龄,6年林龄的选择结果与14年林龄的选择结果更为接近,表明种源选择时期不宜过早。本研究的结果可为我国水曲柳的种质资源管理与持续改良提供积极参考。

【Objective】The provenances trial was to select high productivity,good stability of Fraxinus mandshurica provenances for Dailing,Lushuihe and Maoershan where the trials were established and adjacent areas. 【Method 】20provenances of F. mandshurica were used to study the phenotypic variation in tree height（ H）,diameter at breast height（ DBH） and volume（ V） at the age of 14 by analysis of variance and multiple comparisons for single site and three sites.Stability of performance was assessed with regression coefficients（ bi） of the joint regression analysis of Eberhart Russell.Finally,geographic variation was analyzed with trend surface. 【Result】1） The results showed that there were statistically significant（ P〈0. 01） differences in H,DBH,and V among different sites and provenances,and also significant insite × provenance interaction. At Lushuihe site,the top provenances were Hailin（ 7. 55 m）,Dailing（ 7. 34 m） and Lushuihe（ 7. 05 m） in terms of H,Hailin（ 6. 13 cm） and Lushuihe（ 5. 47 cm） in terms of DBH,and Hailin（ 14 909cm^3） in terms of V. In terms of H（ 7. 62 m）,DBH（ 6. 79 cm） and V（ 16 747 cm^3） together,Wuchang was selected at Maoershan site. Xinglong（ 5. 67 m）,Linjiang（ 5. 65 m） and Dongfanghong（ 5. 61 m） were selected in terms of H,Linjiang selected in terms of DBH（ 5. 07 cm） and V（ 7 984 cm^3） at Dailing site. For all three sites,provenance Wuchang was selected in terms of H（ 6. 35 m）,Linjiang in terms of DBH（ 5. 35 cm）,Hailin（ 10 546 cm^3）,Wuchang（ 9 857 cm^3）and Linjiang（ 9 818 cm^3） in terms of V. 2） The stability analysis showed the provenances of Youhao,Linjiang,Xifeng,Dailing,Wangqing and Tangwanghe had an average stability,the provenances of Xinglong,Lushuihe,Hengren,Hailin,Wandianzi, Suiling and Sanchazi had a high stability, the provenances of Huinan, Maoershan, Fangzheng,Dongfanghong,Zhanhe,Huanan and Wuchang had a low stability. 3） Geographic variation analysis showed that the effect of latitude was greater than that of longitude on the growth of F. mandshurica,the volume of the provenances along the direction from northwest to southeast was larger than the others. 【Conclusion】It was found that the selection at 14-year-old was closer to the selection at 6-year-old than to the selection at 2-year-old,indicating that provenances selection was not stable if it was made too early. The results provide a useful basis for germplasm management and genetic improvement of F. mandshurica.