基于曲面投影的毫米波InSAR数据成像方法

Millimeter-wave Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar Data Imaging Based on Terrain Surface Projection

与其它波段相比,毫米波系统具有体积小、重量轻、分辨率高等优点,成为近几年In SAR技术的研究热点。但因其波长短,毫米波In SAR对平台运动轨迹测量精度要求更高,非理想运动情况下传统成像方法数据处理及干涉相位提取困难,另外传统方法基于平面投影成像,在地形陡变时干涉相位缠绕和目标几何畸变较严重。为了解决传统方法在毫米波In SAR成像的以上不足,该文提出了一种基于曲面投影的毫米波In SAR成像方法,将不同通道回波数据投影到相同地形高程曲面上进行成像及干涉相位提取,并推导了曲面下地形高程与干涉相位的关系。仿真和实测数据结果验证了该文方法的有效性,结果显示该方法在平台非理想运动下较传统算法获得更好的In SAR成像和干涉相位质量,且减小了地形高程起伏引起的几何畸变及干涉相位缠绕,更有利于毫米波In SAR图像地形特征描述及高程提取。

Millimeter-wave Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar（InSAR） has smaller size, lower weight, and higher resolution compared with other bands. Thus, it has become a hot research topic. However, owing to its shorter wavelength, millimeter-wave InSAR data processing requires high-precision measurements of platform motion. For nonideal trajectories, traditional methods face difficulties in echo imaging and interferogram extraction. In addition, existing methods mainly produce SAR images based on plane projection. When the terrain changes abruptly, these methods may cause strong interferometric phase unwrapping and geometric distortion in SAR images. To overcome the abovementioned disadvantages of conventional methods in millimeter-wave InSAR imaging, an approach based on terrain surface projection is proposed. The echoes of different antennas are projected on the same terrain surface space for data imaging and interferogram extraction. In addition, the relation between terrain elevation and interferometric phase is derived. Simulations and experimental results verify the effectiveness of the proposed method; furthermore, the proposed approach improves the precision of interferometric phase extraction in complex motion conditions, while minimizing geometric distortion and phase wrapping in rough terrain, which is more conducive to terrain description and elevation inversion.