基于图像强度最优的SAR高精度运动补偿方法

A High-precision Motion Compensation Method for SAR Based on Image Intensity Optimization

由于载体平台的不稳定性和测量传感器的精度限制,运动误差成为了提高合成孔径雷达(SAR)成像质量的一个瓶颈。基于图像锐度最优的自聚焦后向投影算法通过估计相位误差进行运动补偿,具有较高精度,但这种方法假设场景中所有像素点相位误差相同,即没有考虑运动误差的空变性,导致大部分像素点仍存在残留误差,造成成像质量下降。针对运动误差空变性的问题,该文提出一种高精度运动补偿方法,该方法在图像强度最大准则下,采用最优化技术估计天线相位中心测量误差,随后利用该测量误差估计量校正天线相位中心并进行后向投影成像。由于估计天线相位中心等效于估计每个像素点的距离历史,因此该方法可以对每个像素点进行高精度相位补偿。点目标仿真和实测数据处理结果均验证了所提方法的有效性。

Owing to the platform instability and precision limitations of motion sensors, motion errors negatively affect the quality of synthetic aperture radar（SAR） images. The autofocus Back Projection（BP） algorithm based on the optimization of image sharpness compensates for motion errors through phase error estimation. This method can attain relatively good performance, while assuming the same phase error for all pixels, i.e., it ignores the spatial variance of motion errors. To overcome this drawback, a high-precision motion error compensation method is presented in this study. In the proposed method, the Antenna Phase Centers（APC） are estimated via optimization using the criterion of maximum image intensity. Then, the estimated APCs are applied for BP imaging. Because the APC estimation equals the range history estimation for each pixel, high-precision phase compensation for every pixel can be achieved. Point-target simulations and processing of experimental data validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.