规模化养殖场畜禽粪中磷的化学形态与稳定化

Chemical forms and stabilization of phosphorus in manures from large-scale livestock and poultry farms

为了解规模化养殖场畜禽粪便中磷的化学形态，寻求畜禽粪便中磷的稳定化途径，采集浙江省代表性规模化养殖场畜禽粪便样92个，采用改进的H edley磷分级方法鉴定磷的化学形态；通过添加明矾、碳酸钙、石膏、粉煤灰及土壤物质，研究不同添加物对畜禽粪便中磷的稳定效果.结果表明：规模化养殖场畜禽粪便样品具有高磷、高无机磷比例及高生物有效性的特点，全磷质量分数在18.70～54.30 g/kg之间，平均为30.50 g/kg ；可提取态无机磷占全磷的比例平均达70.08％；水溶性磷、NaHCO3‐P 和 HCl‐P 占全磷的比例平均分别达20.03％、29.59％和22.93％，而N aO H‐P和残余态磷占全磷的比例分别只有14.64％和12.81％.培养试验表明：各类稳定剂均对畜禽粪便中的磷有稳定效果，并随添加物用量的增加而增加；稳定效果为明矾＞粉煤灰＞碳酸钙＞土壤物质＞石膏.建议畜禽粪的施用量应基于其磷素水平确定，并适当添加稳定剂增加磷的稳定性.

Summary Intensive confined livestock and poultry production systems generate large quantities of manure by‐products , which have the potential for being recycled on agricultural land . Beneficial use through land application is based on their ability to alter favorably soil properties . However , protecting environmental quality is a major consideration w hen developing management practices are carried out to use effectively manure by‐products as a nutrient resource and soil conditioner in agricultural production system . To date , most of the environmental problems associated with land application of manure by‐products have centered on the contamination of groundwater and surface water with nitrogen and phosphorus . High concentration and high water solubility of phosphorus in animal manures have become a limiting factor for agricultural safety application of manures . Optimum use of these by‐products requires the knowledge of their composition not only in relation to beneficial uses but also to environmental implications .