报刊叙事中的“中山舰事件”——以《广州民国日报》和《申报》为中心的考察

“Zhongshan Warship Incident” in the Narrative of Newspapers——An Investigation with “Guangzhou Republic Daily” and “The Declaration”as Cases

"中山舰事件",又称"三·二○事件",是中国近代史上的重大事件,因历史认知的差异,对此事件的叙事呈现强烈反差。事件爆发后,当时的报纸有不同的叙事:《广州民国日报》由于党报性质,将事件"掩饰"为无关紧要的局部问题;《申报》作为对政治事件具有强烈好奇心的商业报纸,因事件诡异,信息不畅,将事件猜测为一场内斗、"反赤"运动。两者与历史事实均有距离,却在一定程度上反映、塑造了时人的事件认知。但该事件在两份报纸的版面上,均未占据重要位置和比例。事件的即时影响力,在蒋介石当局的刻意"掩饰"下,在当时国人普遍更重视的北方政局频出"大事件"的冲击下,显得无关紧要。这与近代历史叙事中浓墨重彩、意义重大的"中山舰事件"形成了鲜明的对比。

＂Zhongshan Warship Incident＂ is a major event in the modern history of China. After the outbreak of the incident, the different newspapers have different narratives. ＂Guangzhou Republic Daily＂, as the official newspaper, described the incident as nothing important while ＂The Declaration＂ as a newspaper which had strong curiosity about political and business events, speculated that the incident was a kind of internal struggle and ＂anti red＂ movement due to poor information. Both newspapers were away from historical facts but they reflected and shaped then people＇s cognition to the incident. But the incident never took the front pages of the two news- papers. The influence of the incident, in the disguise of the Chiang Kai-shek administration, appeared to be of no great importance. This is in sharp contrast with the narrative of ＂Zhongshan Warship Incident＂ in Chinese modern history.