“十二寡妇征西”故事新考

A New Textual Research of the Story “Twelve widows Conquer West”

在杨家将"十二寡妇征西"故事中,征西女将必须都被标榜为"寡妇"、数量必是"十二",这种颇为奇特的现象与该故事如何产生这一问题息息相关。张政烺先生推测该故事来自于出殡仪仗队,对此话题的开辟之功实巨,但其说非为定论,值得重新探讨。"十二寡妇征西"故事来自于明代社火中的"六丁六甲"舞队,而此种舞队在南宋民间社火中就已存在,是从南宋宫廷傩仪中移植而来。"十二寡妇征西"故事乃民俗与民心之结晶,代表了民间故事衍生的一种机制。

The Yang Warriors 'Twelve widows conquer west'had been well known since it appeared in Ming dynasty,but there were some questions about the story. Why the women were all 'widows '? Why the number should be'twelve'? These all closely relate to the occurrence of the story. Mr. Zhang Zhenlang had speculated that the story came out of funeral ritual team. This opinion was a great innovation,but it needs more discussion. The story of'Twelve widows conquer west'came from the'six Ding and six Jia'dancing group in Ming dynasty's folk club fire,which was made up with twelve girls wearing white and transplanted from royal exorcism in the southern Song dynasty. The story of 'Twelve widows conquer west'was based on folk customs and wish.