覆盖方式和钾施用量对烤烟生长、叶绿素含量及产质量的影响

Effects of Mulching Method and Potassium Rate on the Growth,Chlorophyll Content and Economic Characters of Flue-cured Tobacco

为探讨豫南烟区适宜的覆盖方式和钾施用量,通过裂区试验,研究了不同覆盖方式和钾施用量对烤烟生长、叶绿素含量（ SPAD值）及产质量的影响。结果表明,施钾和覆盖处理均能提高烟株各项农艺性状指标,3种覆盖方式相比,以前膜后秸处理株高、茎围和叶面积最高；3个施钾水平相比,以高钾水平（225 kg/hm2）处理各项农艺指标较好。烟叶SPAD值随生育进程推进呈先上升后降低的趋势,覆盖和施钾处理在生育前期能显著提高SPAD值,在后期则能促进烟叶落黄成熟。不同覆盖处理产量、产值和上等烟比例均表现为前膜后秸〉秸秆覆盖〉不覆盖,不同施钾水平表现为高钾水平（337.5 kg/hm2）〉常规施钾水平（225 kg/hm2）〉不施钾水平（0 kg/hm2）,前膜后秸＋钾施用量337.5 kg/hm2处理的产量、产值和上等烟比例最高,分别为2190 kg/hm2、37681元/hm2和32.13%。综合来看,前膜后秸的覆盖方式＋施钾量225~337.5 kg/hm2可以在豫南烟区进行推广应用。

In order to determine the suitable mulching method and potassium rate in tobacco planting region of southern Henan,split-plot experiment was carried out to study the effects of mulching method and potassium rate on the growth,SPAD value and economic characters of flue-cured tobacco. The results showed that potassium application and mulching could promote the agronomic traits. The film mulching followed by straw mulching method got the highest plant height,stem girth and leaf area among the three different mulching methods. The agronomic characters of high potassium rate treatment（225 kg/ha） were best among the three different potassium application rates. The SPAD value of tobacco leaf increased firstly and then decreased in whole growth period. Potassium application and mulching could significantly improve the SPAD value in the early stage and promote leaves maturity in later stage. Different mulching treatments were compared,and the order of tobacco yield,output value and high grade leaf proportion all showed as follows：film mulching followed by straw mulching〉straw mulching〉non-mulching. Different potassium rates were compared, and the order of economic traits indicators was：high potassium rate （337. 5 kg/ha） 〉conventional potassium rate （225 kg/ha） 〉no potassium fertilizer （0 kg/ha）. The combination treatment （film mulching followed by straw mulching ＋ potassium rate of 337. 5 kg/ha） was best and the yield,output value and high grade leaf proportion were 2 190 kg/ha,37 681 RMB/ha and 32. 13%,respectively. Compared comprehensively,the cultivation method of film mulching followed by straw mulching and the potassium rate at 225—337 . 5 kg/ha was suitable in tobacco-growing region in south of Henan.