吸烟与中国城市女性原发性肺癌死亡率的研究

Relation between smoking and primary lung cancer mortality in females in urban China

目的：分析吸烟与中国城市女性原发性肺癌（肺癌）死亡率的关系。方法选取1986～1988年全国人口死因与吸烟情况的调查资料，根据各城市肺癌患者死亡数量，选取例数较多的27个城市中35～69岁女性患者死亡病例的资料，分析吸烟与中国城市女性肺癌死亡率的关系。结果北京、天津等27个城市35～69岁女性在1986～1988年肺癌死亡率合计为35.65/10万；生前吸烟者为38.42%。20岁前开始吸烟、20～25岁开始吸烟、每日吸烟量10～19支、累计吸烟年限≥40年与肺癌死亡率均呈正相关，r分别为0.59（P＝0.001）、0.51（P＝0.007）、0.44（P＝0.02）、0.55（P＝0.003）；35～49岁、50～59岁生前吸烟者比例与该年龄组肺癌死亡率呈正相关，r分别为0.52（P＝0.005）、0.44（P＝0.02）。结论中国城市女性开始吸烟的年龄、每日吸烟量、累计吸烟年限和生前吸烟是肺癌发生的重要危险因素。

Objective To examine the association between smoking and mortality of lung cancer in females in urban China. Method Used the national census data on causes of death and smoking from January 1986 to December 1988, and the data of 35 to 69 year-old females who died of lung cancer were selected, in 27 cities with adequate dead of lung cancer to analyze the correlation coefifcient between mortality rates of lung cancer and the smoking proportion of dead. Result From 1986 to 1988, mortality rate of lung cancer in 35 to 69 year-old females were 35.65/100 000 and the proportion of smoking infemales died of lung cancer were 38.42% in 27 cities. The proportions of smokers who started smoking in ages less than 20, 20 to 25 year-old and daily smoking from 10 to 19, the cumulated years of smoking for 40 years or over were founded signiifcantly positive correlated with the mortality rates of lung cancer in females of urban, with correlation coefifcients were at 0.59 （P=0.001）, 0.51 （P=0.007）, 0.44 （P=0.02） and 0.55 （P=0.003）, respectively. Mortality rates of lung cancer in ages of 35 to 49, 50 to 59 years in females were significantly positive correlated with the percentage of females smokers dead from lung cancer, with correlation coefifcients were at 0.52 （P=0.005） and 0.44 （P=0.02）. Conclusion The age to start smoking, daily smoking, cumulative years of smoking as well as smoking are important risk factors to lung cancer in females in urban China.