日粮能量水平对圩猪生产性能·血清生化指标和肉质的影响

Effect of Dietary Digestible Energy Levels on Growth Performance,Meat Quality Trait and Serum Biochemical Parameter in Wei Pigs

[目的]探讨不同消化能（DE）水平日粮对圩猪生长性能、肉质和血清生化指标的影响,确定圩猪适宜的DE水平。[方法]选用24头体重为（38.7±4.91）kg的健康圩猪,随机分为高能组、中能组和低能组3个处理组,饲养于采食量和体重可实时自动记录的自动饲喂系统内,每组8个重复,每个重复公母比例3∶1。试验期分为生长期（35-60 kg）和育肥期（60-80 kg）2个阶段。生长期日粮粗蛋白（CP）为16%,高能组、中能组和低能组的DE水平分别为13.54、12.93和12.32 MJ/kg,肥育期日粮CP为14%,3组的DE水平分别为13.66、13.04和12.43 MJ/kg。试验期耗料和体重实时自动记录,试验结束时,每组选取6头（4♂2♀）体重相近猪屠宰,测定其屠宰性能和肉质,同时全部试猪实行前腔静脉采血以进行血液生化指标的测定。[结果]在生长期,高能组平均日增重（ADG）和料重比（F/G）显著高于低能组（P〈0.05）,中能组平均日增重（ADG）显著高于低能组（P〈0.05）,但二者的F/G差异不显著（P〉0.05）,各组间平均日采食量（ADFI）和增重成本差异不显著（P〉0.05）;肥育期日粮不同水平DE对ADG和F/G的影响与生长期相同,2个时期各组间平均日采食量和增重成本差异均不显著（P〉0.05）。高能组背膘厚显著低于中能组（P〈0.05）,虽然也低于低能组,但差异不显著（P〉0.05）,各组的屠宰率、p H1h、p H24h和剪切力均没有显著差异（P〉0.05）;日粮DE水平对9,12-十八碳二烯酸含量的影响与对背膘厚的影响相同,显著低于中能组（P〈0.05）,虽然也低于低能组,但差异不显著（P〉0.05）;高能组的十六碳-顺-9-烯酸含量显著低于低能组（P〈0.05）,高能组的单不饱和脂肪酸的含量显著低于中能和低能组（P〈0.05）,多不饱和脂肪酸的含量显著高于中能组（P〈0.05）;日粮DE水平对血清生化指标和肌肉中肌苷酸和氨基酸的含量均无显著影响（P〉0.05）。[结论]当CP为16%时,圩猪生长期日粮DE水平以13.54 MJ/kg为宜;当CP为14%时,圩猪育肥期日粮DE水平以13.66 MJ/kg为宜。

[Objective] The study aimed to investigate the effect of digestible energy levels of on growth performance,meat quality and serum biochemical parameter so as to find the suitable digestible energy level of Wei pig. [Method]24 healthy Wei pigs with 38. 7 ± 4. 91 kg were randomly allotted to 3 groups,and each group had 8 replicates,male： female is 3∶ 1. The pigs were fed by the automatic feeding system,and the consumption of feed was recorded immediately. The trial was divided into two stages（ growing period： 35- 60 kg; finishing period： 60-80 kg）. The diet digestible energy（ DE） level of growing period of treatment 1,treatment 2 and treatment 3 was 13. 54,12. 93 and 12. 32 MJ / kg respectively. The DE level of the finishing period was 13. 66 MJ / kg,13. 04 and 12. 43 MJ / kg respectively. Diet CP of growing period and finishing period is 16% and 14% respectively. All the pigs were drawn blood by vacuum tubes so as to determine the serum biochemical parameter and some endocrine hormones. Meanwhile,six pigs were selected to determine the slaughter performance and meat quality. Three treatment groups have the consistent content of other nutrients except the digestible energy. [Result]The results showed as follows： in 35- 60 kg stage,ADG and F / G of treatment 1 was significantly higher and lower than that of treatment 3（ P〈0. 05）. ADG of treatment 2 was also significantly higher than that of treatment 3（ P〈0. 05）,but F / G of treatment 2 was not significantly lower that of treatment 3（ P〉0. 05）. Diet DE effected on ADG and F / G of finishing period was same as growing period. And backfat thickness of treatment 1 was significantly lower than that of treatment 2（ P〈0. 05）,was also lower than that of treatment 3. DE level effected on content of 9,12-octadecadienoic acid was like as on backfat thickness. Content of palmitoleic acid of treatment 1 was significantly lower than that of treatment 3（ P〈0. 05）. PUFA content of treatment 1 was significantly higher than that of treatment 2 and treatment 3（ P〈0. 05）. Opposition,MUFA content of treatment 1 was significantly lower than that of treatment 2 and treatment 3（ P〈0. 05）. Dietary digestible energy had no significantly effect on amino acid content of meat,endocrine hormone and serum biochemical indices（ P〉0. 05）. [Conclusion]In conclusion,when the dietary CP was 16%,the appropriate digestible energy level of growing period for Wei Pig was 13. 54 MJ / kg. When the dietary CP was 14%,the appropriate digestible energy level of finishing period for Wei pig was 13. 66 MJ / kg.