“一旦”的共时性质与使用特点

On Synchronic Natures and Use Features of “Yidan”

现代汉语共时平面上,"一旦"是多功能的常用词,多作连词,有时作副词,偶尔作非典型名词。在现实性复句及非现实性宾语从句谓语前起修饰作用,为时间副词;在假设/条件从句谓语或主语前,语义上相当于"如果"或"只要",多为假设连词,少数为充分条件连词,有时则兼有副词、连词和名词性。连词"一旦"与"如果""只要"的替换需要一定的语义语用条件,"一旦"是一个只表示可能假设条件关系的连词。

Yidan is a word that has several functions in modern Chinese.In fact,yidan＂ mainly used a conjunction,sometimes used as a adverb,occasionally used as a atypical noun.It is uaually used as a time adverb in realistic context and irrealistic object clause before predicate,and its use is modification.It is used as a hypothetical or sufficient condition conjunction in the hypothetical conditional clause before predicate or subject,and its semantic is equivalent to ＂ruguo＂ or ＂zhiyao＂.Sometimes it has natures of adverb,conjuction and noun in the same context.The replacement between ＂yidan＂ that used as a conjunction and ＂ruguo＂ or ＂zhiyao＂ that needs some semantic and pragmatic conditions.＂ Yidan＂ only expresses a possible hypothetical conditional relationship.