安南属明时期官员考述

On the Officials of Annam During the Ming Dynasty

永乐初,明成祖派兵平定安南后,郡县其地,并改名为交趾,设立交趾三司及府州县统治机构,采用流官主导,土官辅助的方式共同治理。在交趾属明二十年间,明朝对交趾地方官员也实施考满与考察相结合的考核形式,但与内地又有差别。由于交趾官员的整体水平偏低,加上考核的作用有限,导致吏治腐败,激起民变,这些都是明朝失去交趾的重要原因。

At the beginning of Yongle Period, Mingchengzu sent troops to Annam and quickly won the occupation of it. Then the Ming Dynasty turned Annam into a country named JiaoZhi, and set up different levels of administration frame. During the twenty years when JiaoZhi belonged to the Ming Dynasty, many governors, who were from inner place, were sent to JiaoZhi, together with local governors to manage it. The Ming Dynasty also used Kaoman and Kaocha to assess the officials, but the way was a little different from that of the inner place. Due to the low level of the whole ruling class and the limited effect of the assess system, the bureaucracy of JiaoZhi was corrupt, and inevitably caused natives’ revolts. All of these were the reasons why the Ming Dynasty lost JiaoZhi.