青霉与木霉对平菇菌丝生长的影响及消毒液的初筛（英文）

Effects of Penicillium spp. and Trichoderma spp.on Pleurotus ostreatus Growth and Screening of Effective Disinfectants

[目的]研究青霉、木霉对平菇菌丝生长的影响,并筛选用于防控空气及环境中病原菌的有效消毒液。[方法]在平菇生长PDA培养基上接种霉菌开展菌丝对峙试验,观察相交时两者菌丝生长状况。研究过氧化氢、新洁尔灭、84消毒液、来苏尔、高锰酸钾、75%医用酒精对侧耳木霉、绿色木霉、哈茨木霉、桔青霉、托姆青霉和短密青霉共6种青霉、木霉菌株的生长抑制作用。[结果]菌丝对峙试验表明,青霉、木霉菌对平菇的危害主要有争夺营养、竞争性杀伤菌丝、产生拮抗、侵袭缠绕穿透平菇营养菌丝、产生毒素毒害生长菌丝。6种消毒液对不同的霉菌抑制作用各有不同,均有一定的抑制,效果强弱与霉菌的不同属有明显的区别。新洁尔灭对6种霉菌的抑制作用差异显著,3%过氧化氢、84消毒液、5%来苏尔、高锰酸钾和75%酒精对3种木霉作用差异不显著,对3种青霉作用差异显著。[结论]新洁尔灭对青霉木霉菌的预防抑制效果显著,可作为生产中消毒防杂用药使用。

[Objective] This study was conducted to investigate the effects of Penicillium spp. and Trichoderma spp. on the growth of Pleurotus ostreatus （oyster mushroom） and to screen effective disinfectants to control them and other pathogenic microbes. [Method] Six strains or species of Penicilliurn and Trichoderma were inocu- lated into PDA plates growing with P. ostreatus to observe the growth of their mycelia. And the inhibitory effects of hydrogen peroxide, bromogeramine bromide, 84 disinfectant, lysol, potassium permanganate, and 75% medical alcohol on Trichoderma pleuroticola, Trichoderma viride, Trichoderma harzianum, Penicillium citrinum, Penicillium thomii and Penicillium brevicompactum were detected. [Result] Confrontation test revealed that Penicillium spp. and Trichoderma spp. competed for nutrients with P. ostreatus mycelia, antagonized against the growth of P. ostreatus mycelia, invaded and twined around P. ostreatus mycelia, and also produced toxins poisoning P. ostreatus mycelia. The six disinfectants exhibited different inhibitory effects against different species of Penicillium and Trichoderma. Among them the in- hibitory effects of bromogeramine bromide against the six species of Penicillium and Trichoderma were significantly different. However, the inhibitory effects of 3% hydrogen peroxide, 84 disinfectant, 5% lysol, potassium permanganate and 75% medical alcohol were significantly different among Penicillium spp., but did not among Tri- choderma spp. [Conclusion] Bromogeramine bromide can be used to control the bacteria and fungi in mushroom production for it has significant inhibitory effects on the six species of both Penicillium and Trichoderma.