牛副结核病的流行病学特征与实验室诊断技术研究进展

Progress in the Epidemiological Characteristics and Diagnosis Technology of Bovine Paratuberculosis

牛副结核病(bovine paratuberculosis)是由副结核分支杆菌引起的以牛慢性增生性、顽固性肠炎和进行性消瘦为特征的人畜共患传染病。其临床症状与病理变化是顽固性腹泻、渐进性消瘦、慢性肉芽肿回肠炎,肠粘膜增厚并形成皱褶。除常规的临床诊断外,牛副结核病的确诊依赖于实验室诊断方法,主要有病原学诊断、血清学诊断和分子生物学诊断等方法。牛副结核病给畜牧业造成很大的损失。由于本病潜伏期长,传播快,加之人工培养副结核分枝杆菌难度又高,因此加强对该病的病原学、流行病学特征的认识,加快实验室诊断方法的研究对其综合防控工作具有十分重要的意义。作者主要介绍了目前国内外牛副结核病流行病学特征和诊断方法的研究进展,并比较了各种方法的优点和缺点,为牛副结核病的临床快速诊断和深入研究提供科学依据。

Bovine paratuberculosis is a zoonosis caused by mycobacterium paratuberculosis,which was characterized by chronic hyperplastic and intractable enteritis and progressive weight loss. Clinical symptom and pathological change of the disease is intractable diarrhea, progressive weight loss, chronic granulomatous ileitis, intestinal mucosal thickening and the formation of wrinkles.Diagnosis methods of paratuherculosis include clinical symptoms, while a final diagnos is depended on laboratory diagnostic methods, such as etiological diagnosis, serological diagnosis and molecular biological diagnosis.It results in considerable economic losses to the stock farming. Because of the long latence, easy transmissibility and the limitations of culture, so strengthening of the awareness of disease etiology and epidemiology is very important to comprehensive prevention measures of paratubereulosis.The author mainly introduced the research progress on pathogen, epidemiology and diagnosis technology of paratuberculosis.In addition, the advantages and disadvantages of various mothods were compared, in order to provide scientific basis for a further study and rapid diagnosis of paratuberculosis.