物流“最后一公里”问题研究综述

The Review of Research on the “Last Mile” in Logistics

物流"最后一公里"问题作为物流服务链的末端配送,是一个与人们密切相关的社会问题,直接影响着物流的效率、物流的成本以及物流服务的质量。从供应链角度看,物流"最后一公里"是供应链活动重要的组成部分,其终端对象是顾客(消费者或受灾者),其目的是在末端节点将货物送到顾客手中,以满足顾客需求。物流"最后一公里"问题的社会属性决定了其与配送环境、需求者特性之间的密切关系。导致物流"最后一公里"困境的不仅包括末端配送问题,也包括上下游衔接问题,如自提点布局问题、路径优化问题、配载优化问题、运输工具选择问题、多式联运协调问题、利益主体博弈问题以及顾客服务质量提升问题等。针对当前我国物流"最后一公里"存在的诸多问题,未来研究应在现有研究基础上,进一步围绕顾客行为因素的应用、公平因素的影响、参与主体协调机制的完善等展开。

As the terminus distribution of logistic service chain,the＂last mile＂in logistics is the key point to have effect on the efficiency of logistics,logistics costs and logistics service quality. From the perspective of supply chain,the ＂last mile＂ in logistics is the important components of supply chain activities;and the terminus objects of that are the consumers;the purpose of that is to deliver goods to customers at the end nodes to meet the consumers＇ demand. The social nature of＂last mile＂in logistics determines the close relation among distribution environment,demanders＇ feature and this problem;and causes for the dilemma of the＂last mile＂include not only the problem of terminus distribution,but also the linkage between up-and down-stream. The future research on this problem should be focused on the application of customer behavior factor,the influence of fairness related factors and the improvement of main players coordination mechanism.