2-偕二硝甲基-5-烷氧基四唑的合成

Synthesis of 2-Dinitromethyl-5-alkoxytetrazole

以2-偕二硝甲基-5-硝基四唑(HDNMNT)和醇钠为原料,合成出2-偕二硝甲基-5-甲氧基四唑(DNMMOT)、2-偕二硝甲基-5-乙氧基四唑(DNMEOT)、2-偕二硝甲基-5-异丙氧基四唑(DNMPOT)、2-(2-偕二硝甲基四唑-5-氧基)乙醇(SDEH)以及1,2-双(2-偕二硝甲基四唑-5-氧基)乙烷(DEH)5种化合物,产率分别为91.6%、92.1%、91.7%、31.7%及57.4%。采用红外光谱、核磁共振、元素分析及液相色谱质谱联用技术等对其结构进行了表征,并推测该反应机理为HDNMNT与醇钠的亲核取代反应。采用B3LYP方法预估了这5种2-偕二硝甲基-5-烷氧基四唑化合物的爆轰性能,发现DEH与RDX爆速和爆压相当。

Five novel 2-dinitromethyl-5-alkoxytetrazole compounds,2-dinitromethyl-5-methoxytetrazole（ DNMMOT）,2-dinitromethyl-5-ethoxytetrazole（ DNMEOT）,2-dinitromethyl-5-isopropoxytetrazole（ DNMPOT）,2-（ 2-dinitromethyl tetrazole-5-yloxy） ethanol（SDEH） and 1,2-bis（ 2-dinitromethyltetrazol-5-yloxy） ethane（ DEH） were synthesized fromthe reaction of 2-dinitromethyl-5-nitrotetrazole（ HDNMNT） with sodiumalkoxide with yields of 91. 6%,92. 1%,91. 70%,31. 7%,57. 4%,respectively. Their structures were characterized by IR,NMR,elemental analysis and HPLC-MS,and their detonation performances were predicted by B3 LYB method. Results showthat reaction mechanismis nucleophilic substitution between HDNMNTand sodiumalkoxide. The detonation velocity and pressure of DEHestimated are 8676 m·s^-1and 34. 39 GPa,which can be compared to RDX.