西安市某社区居民的文化程度与常见慢性病患病危险性的相关性分析

Correlation between education level and common chronic diseases in a residential community in Xian City

目的探讨西安市某社区居民文化程度与高血压、糖尿病、脑卒中等慢性病的相关关系,为制定针对性的控制措施提供科学依据。方法采用横断面调查设计,随机整群抽样,结构式问卷居民现场填写的方法,对常住人口的一般状况及慢性病相关危险行为进行调查分析。结果被调查人群中,初中、高中及大专文化程度占75.01%,小学及以下文化程度人群比例8.97%,大学及以上人群占16.02%。受文化程度影响的慢性病相关因素(年龄,收缩压和BMI)差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。随着文化程度升高,平均年龄呈较大幅度下降趋势,收缩压和体质指数则是以初中学历组最高,大学及以上学历组最低;在生活方式上,不同文化程度间主动获取保健知识(P<0.001),每天静坐时间(P=0.002)和每次锻炼时间(P<0.001)三项差异显著。高学历人群的主动获取保健知识的能力较强,但静坐时间较长,每次锻炼时间相对较短。结论可根据人群受教育程度差别,确定健康教育计划,以确保健康教育的干预效果和可行性。

Objective To investigate the correlation between education level and chronic diseases such as hypertension diabetes and stroke,and to provide scientific evidence for targeted intervention.Methods We used the cross-section survey design,random cluster sampling,and structured questionnaire to investigate the general situation of residents as well as their major behavioral risk factors.Results People with university or above education,residents with middle,high school and college education,and those who had primary school or lower education accounted for 1 6.02%,75.01% and 8.97% of the whole population.Age,systolic pressure and BMI were the major relevant factors of chronic diseases significantly affected by education level （P 〈0.001）.Residents with junior high school education had the highest,while people with a bachelor’s or higher degree had the lowest systolic pressure and BMI.There were significant differences in the way of obtaining healthy knowledge,average daily sedentary time and exercise duration （P 〈 0.001 ）among people with different education levels.Individuals with higher education level were more likely to get healthy knowledge voluntarily,but their average sedentary time was longer and exercise duration was shorter.Conclusions Specialized education plan should be formulated for people with different education levels to ensure its effectiveness as well as feasibility.