孕期补充叶酸及微量元素对妊娠结局的影响

Impacts of folic acid and microelement supplementation during pregnancy on pregnancy outcomes

目的分析甘肃省定西市安定区孕期女性补充叶酸及微量元素对妊娠结局的影响。方法选择定西市安定区孕妇3 089例,获得妊娠结局的为2 994例,根据叶酸及微量元素的情况分为未增补组、单纯孕前期增补组、孕早期增补组、规范增补组,分析各组新生儿体格发育指标、体质量分布情况、孕妇巨幼红细胞性贫血及神经管畸形发生情况。结果单纯孕前期增补组身长、头围、胸围较未增补组未见显著性差异(P>0.05),孕早期增补组身长、头围较未增补组显著性升高(P<0.05),规范增补组身长、头围、胸围较未增补组均有显著增加(P<0.05)。单纯孕前期增补组体质量分布较未增补组未见显著性差异(χ2=5.127,P>0.05),孕早期增补组及规范增补组体质量分布较未增补组显著性升高(χ2=21.139、19.076,P<0.05)。单纯孕前期增补组巨幼红细胞性贫血及神经管畸形较未增补组未见显著性差异(χ2=4.086,P>0.05),孕早期增补组及规范增补组巨幼红细胞性贫血、神经管畸形较未增补组显著性下降(χ2=18.095、22.143,P<0.05)。结论叶酸及微量元素补充是否规范直接关系到妊娠结局,应规范化对育龄期妇女进行叶酸及微量元素补充。

Objective To analyze the impacts of folic acid and microelement supplementation during pregnancy on pregnancy outcomes.Methods A total of 3 089 pregnant women were enrolled,and the pregnancy outcomes of 2,994 cases were obtained.According to the folic acid and microelement supplementation,the women were divided into non-supplement group,pre-pregnancy supplement group,early pregnancy supplement group,and standardized supplement group.The newborn’s physical development and body weight,and women’s incidence of megaloblastic anemia and neural tube defects were observed.Results There were no statistical differences in the newborn’s body length,head circumference,chest circumference between the pre-pregnancy supplement group and non-supplement group （P 〉 0.05 ）. There were significant differences in the newborn’s body length, head circumference between the early pregnancy supplement group and non-supplement group （P 〈 0.05 ）.There were statistical differences in the newborn＇s body length,head circumference and chest circumference between the standardized supplement group and non-supplement group （P 〈 0.05 ）.There was no difference in the newborn’s body weight between early pregnancy supplement group and non-supplement group （χ^2 = 5.127,P 〉 0.05 ）.The newborns of the early pregnancy supplement group and standard supplement group had heavier body weight than those of the non-supplement group （χ^2 =21.139,1 9.076,P 〈0.05）.There were no differences in the incidence of megaloblastic anemia and neural tube defects between the pre-pregnancy supplement group and non-supplement group （χ^2 = 4.086,P 〉 0.05 ）,while the early pregnancy supplement group and standard supplement group had significantly dropped incidence of megaloblastic anemia and neural tube defects compared with the non-supplement group （χ^2 = 18.095,22.143,P 〈 0.05 ）.Conclusions Folic acid and microelement supplement are directly related to the pregnancy outcomes for women of childbearing age.Folic acid and trace element supplement should be standardized.