力量和耐力组合训练生物分子适应机制及现实应用

Adaptation Mechanisms of Biological Molecules by a Combination of Strength and Endurance Training and Its Applications

力量训练和耐力训练对人体表型的影响不同。长期力量训练能促进肌肉激活和肥大,提高肌肉最大收缩能力,耐力训练则增加线粒体的密度和肌纤维氧化能力,从而整体提高最大摄氧量。但是,在同时提高外周肌肉肥大和肌肉有氧氧化功率时(力量和耐力组合训练),可能会抑制肌肉肥大。动物实验表明,这些潜在分子干扰机制涉及与力量训练相关的雷帕霉素复合物1(mTORC1)信号通路以及耐力训练相关的5’-AMP依赖的蛋白激酶(5’-AMPK)和Ca2+/钙调素依赖性蛋白激酶Ⅱ(CaMKⅡ)信号通路。由于力量和耐力组合训练的变量较多,目前对于人体实验是否存在信号途径间的干扰现象还未得到证实,但从组合训练实践看,高水平运动员在训练后期更倾向于避免同时发展外周的局部肌肉肥大和有氧氧化能力。

The influences of strength training and endurance training on human phenotype are hugely different.Long-term strength training can promote muscle activation and mast,increase the largest muscle contractility;endurance training can increase the density of mitochondria and the oxidative capacity of muscle fibers,thereby improve the overall maximum oxygen uptake.But while improving peripheral muscle hypertrophy and muscle power during aerobic oxidation（a combination of strength and endurance training）,the process may inhibit muscle hypertrophy.Animal experiments shows that these potentially interfering mechanism is mainly concerned with the signaling pathway of strength training related to mTORC1 and endurance training related to 5＇-AMPK which 5＇-AMP depends on,and Ca2＋/CaMKⅡ signaling pathway.Due to a large amount of variables by a combination of strength and endurance training,currently whether human body experiments have interference between signaling pathways has not been confirmed,but from the combination of training practice,high-level athletes after training are more likely to avoid the simultaneous development of the latter part of the outer periphery of the local muscle hypertrophy and aerobic oxidation.