小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌在中国家畜家禽间分布的研究

The distribution of Yersinia enterocolitica in livestock in China

目的为了解中国小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌在不同家畜、家禽中的分布规律,对不同地区家畜、家禽进行带菌状况调查。方法采集中国不同地区家畜、家禽咽拭子,肛拭子和粪便标本进行小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌分离培养,并对分离到的菌株进行血清分型、生物分型及毒力相关基因检测。结果猪中小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌携带率最高为12.91%,其次为犬,携带率为9.80%,两者分离的致病性菌株所占比例分别为73.50%和59.44%。而其他动物中小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌携带率较低,鸡、牛和羊分别为4.50%、2.78%和0.89%,且主要以非致病性菌株为主,分别占100%、94.44%和93.33%。结论首次在中国进行大规模家畜、家禽中小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌分布调查。动物中小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌感染率存在较大物种差异和地域性分布特征,猪、犬是小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌的主要储存宿主和传染源,而牛、羊、鸡、鸭等主要携带非致病性小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌,属于偶然宿主。

Objective We investigated the distribution of Yersinia enterocolitica in livestock in different regions of China. Methods The strains isolated from various samples were detected by bioserotype identification, biological typing assay. The virulence related genes were amplified by PCR. Results The positive rate was 12.91% in swine samples, 9.80% in dog samples. The pathogenic strains from swine and dog samples are 73.50% and 59.44%. The isolation rate from other livestock were low and predominantly non-pathogenic strains. The positive rate was 4.50% in chicken, 2.78% in cow and 0.89% in goat; and the nonpathogenic strains are 100%, 94.44% and 93.33%, respectively. Conclusion The Y. enterocolitica discovered from a number of livestock in China. Pigs and dogs are considered to be the primary reservoir of pathogenic Y. enterocolitica strains, conversely, cows, goats, chickens and ducks mostly carry nonpathogenic Y. enterocolitica.