塔里木盆地荒漠型黑热病传播媒介吴氏白蛉的供血宿主调查及分析

Investigation and analysis on the blood feeding hosts for vector Phlebotomus wui in desert-type kala-azar of Tarim basin

目的调查荒漠型黑热病疫区传播媒介吴氏白蛉的供血宿主,分析黑热病传播媒介与保存宿主的相互关系。方法在黑热病流行严重的荒漠型黑热病疫区,调查传播媒介活动期的优势动物种类;采集黑热病传播媒介吴氏白蛉,用未吸血的雌性吴氏白蛉对自由活动的优势动物和限制活动的优势动物进行吸血实验。结果当地优势野生动物主要有科氏三趾矮跳鼠、毛脚三趾跳鼠、子午沙鼠、塔里木兔和大耳猬。在自由活动的5种受试吸血动物中,吴氏白蛉只能吸到塔里木兔和大耳猬的血,吸血率分别为9.5%和3.3%,其他3种动物吸血率为0。但限制活动的毛脚三趾跳鼠和子午沙鼠均能被白蛉吸血,吸血率分别为24.6%和2.4%;白蛉主要从动物的无毛部位吸血。结论影响吴氏白蛉对自由活动动物吸血的主要因素是动物无毛部位暴露面积的大小和动物肢体驱赶活动。当动物的肢体驱赶活动被限制时,白蛉的吸血率升高。吸血实验可查明供血动物的种类、吸血部位、吸血时间和影响吸血原因的调查。通过塔里木兔和传播媒介吴氏白蛉的栖息地分析以及吸血实验,认为塔里木兔是塔里木盆地荒漠型黑热病疫区传播媒介吴氏白蛉的主要供血动物和保存宿主。

Objective To investigate hosts of blood meal for vector Phlebotomus wui in desert-type kala-azar of Tarim basin, and analyze interrelation between the reservoir hosts of desert-type kala-azar and the vector. Methods To survey the host species at the period of vector activity in serious epidemic area of desert-type kala-azar of Tarim Basin, catch P. wui of the kala-azar vector, and pick out no blood-sucking female of P. wui. The tests of blood-sucking with P. wui were conducted on five species of the locally available wild animals which were in free activities （free group ） and two species of the animals whose activities were restricted. Results Mainly locally available wild animals were tarim hare （Lepus yarkandensis）, Hemiechinus auritus, Salpingotus kozlovi, Dipus sagitta and Meriones meridianus. P. wui only fed on L. yarkandensis and H. auritus in the free group, the blood-sucking rates were 9.5% and 3.3%, the others were zero. All the restricted animals, blood feeding on which did not occur when allowed to feed on free moving animals, were fed by P. wui, the blood-sucking rates were 24.6% and 2.4%. Blood-sucking locations were hairless parts of the animals. Conclusion The main factors influencing on P. wui blood-sucking in free group was determined by the hairless area size exposed and body activity of the animals. When the moving activities were limited, the blood-sucking rate rose immediately. The blood- sucking tests found out species of blood- supply animals, the blood- sucking location of the animals, the tittle of blood- sucking, and the influencing factors of blood-sucking. Through analyzing habitats between tarim hare and vector P. wui, as well as the blood-sucking tests, it is thought that the tarim hare is the main blood supply animal for P. wui of the kala-azar vector and the reservoir hosts in the desert type kala-azar of Tarim basin.