从江侗乡稻-鱼-鸭复合系统的土壤微生物种类

Soil Microorganism Species in Congjiang Dong's Rice-Fish-Duck Complex System

贵州省从江侗乡稻鱼鸭系统被列为首批全球重要农业文化遗产,具有1 200年的历史。为更好地保护和传承该系统,并深入发掘该系统作为全球重要农业文化遗产的意义,也为稻鱼鸭高产技术在该系统保护区域内实施和推广提供科学依据,采用GC-MS方法测定土壤脂肪酸的组成和相对含量,对侗乡稻鱼鸭复合系统土壤微生物的种类组成进行研究。结果表明：1）代表细菌的16∶0和19∶0脂肪酸含量,非稻-鱼-鸭复合系统（以下简称＂非系统＂）土壤比稻-鱼-鸭复合系统（以下简称＂系统＂）土壤的分别高7.97~5.16倍和425.13~43.60倍;代表细菌的11∶0、12∶0和13∶0脂肪酸含量,系统土壤比非系统土壤的分别高80.90~63.17倍、1.90~1.65倍和5.86~5.26倍;代表细菌的其他脂肪酸含量,系统土壤和非系统土壤的差别不大。代表真菌的18∶1ω9c和18∶1ω9t脂肪酸含量,非系统土壤比系统土壤的分别高9.36~7.17倍和8.28~7.19倍;代表真菌的18∶2ω6,9脂肪酸含量,系统土壤比非系统土壤的高4.38~1.87倍。代表放线菌的10Me18∶0脂肪酸含量,系统土壤比非系统土壤的略高。代表线虫的20∶0脂肪酸含量,非系统土壤比系统土壤的高2.82~2.47倍。2）系统土壤和非系统土壤均以细菌为主。其中,主要是G-,放线菌次之,真菌、线虫和G＋含量相对较低,G-丰度较高是稻鱼鸭复合系统的主要特征。结论：系统土壤中微生物丰度的大小依次为细菌〉G-〉放线菌〉真菌〉G＋〉线虫,非系统土壤的依次为细菌〉真菌〉G-〉放线菌〉G＋〉线虫。

Congjiang Dong’s Rice-Fish-Duck Complex System with 1 200 years history is listed as the first globally important agricultural culture heritages.The composition of soil microorganism species in Congjiang Dong＆#39;s Rice-Fish-Duck Complex System was studied by determining composition and relative content of soil fatty acids by GC-MS to protect and inherit Congjiang Dong’s Rice-Fish-Duck Complex System and to provide the scientific basis for application and popularization of advanced high-yield technology in Congjiang Dong’s Rice-Fish-Duck Complex System.The content of 16∶0 and 19∶0 fatty acids （standing for bacteria）in the non Rice-Fish-Duck Complex System （the non-system）is 7.97~5.16 times and 425.13~43.60 times that in the Rice-Fish-Duck Complex System （the system）respectively.but the content of 11∶0,12∶0 and 13∶0 fatty acids （standing for bacteria）in the system is 80.90~63.17 times,1.90~1.65 times and 5.86~5.26 times that in the non-system separately.The content of 18∶1ω9c and 18∶1ω9tfatty acids （standing for fungus）in the non-system is 9.36~7.17 times and 8.28~7.19 times that in the system respectively,but the content of 18∶2ω6,9 fatty acid （standing for fungus）in the system is 4.38~1.87 times that in the non-system.The content of 10Me18∶0 fatty acid （standing for actinomycetes）in the system is slightly higher than in the non-system.The content of 20∶0 fatty acid （standing for nematode）in the non-system is 2.82~2.47 times that in the system.The high G-abundance is the main characteristics of the Rice-Fish-Duck Complex System.In conclusion,the order of soil microorganism abundance in the system is bacteria 〉 G- 〉actinomycetes 〉fungi〉 G＋〉 nematode,while the order of soil microorganism abundance in the non-system is bacteria 〉fungi 〉G-〉 actinomycetes 〉 nematode.