2011-2012年度中国六省小麦叶锈菌群体毒性分析

Virulence of Puccinia triticina from 6 Provinces in China in 2011-2012

为明确2011-2012年度云南、四川、青海、陕西、甘肃和河南小麦叶锈菌的毒性特点,用31个近等基因系或已知抗病基因品种为鉴别寄主,对从六省采集的180份小麦叶锈菌标样进行了苗期毒性分析,共鉴定出62个致病类型,主要包括SHJ(10%)、THT(8.9%)、PHK(6.1%)、SHN(5%)、PHT(4.4%)、SHD(4.4%)、PCH(3.9%)、THP(3.3%)和THK(3.3%)。其中对Lr2c、Lr10、Lr14a、Lr14b、Lr33和Lr36的毒性频率均超过75%,说明这些抗病基因的利用价值已经不大;对Lr9、Lr19、Lr24、Lr25、Lr28、Lr29、Lr38和Lr42的毒性频率低于30%,说明其在生产中仍然有效;对Lr2a、Lr3、Lr3bg、Lr20、Lr30和Lr32的毒性频率在六省中差异较大。毒性多态性结果表明云南和四川的小麦叶锈菌群体毒性多态性较高,其次为河南、甘肃和陕西,青海的毒性多态性最低。

To understand the virulences of Puccinia triticina from Yunnan, Sichuan, Qinghai, Shanxi, Gansu and Henan in 2011-2012 crop season, 31 differential lines were used to identify the virulence phenotype and frequency of the 180 P. triticina collected from the six provinces. In total, 62 virulence phenotypes were detected mainly including SHJ （ 10% ） ,THT （ 8.9% ） ,PHK（ 6.1% ） ,SHN （ 5% ） ,PHT （ 4.4% ）, SHD （ 4.4% ） ,PCH （ 3.9% ）, THP（3.3% ）and THK（3.3% ）. Virulence frequency to Lr2c, LrlO, Lr14a, Lr14b, Lr33 and Lr36 were all above 75% in the six populations indicating the loss of resistance of corresponding resistant genes. Virulence frequency to Lr9, Lr19, Lr24, Lr25, Lr28, Lr29, Lr38 and Lr42 were all below 30% in the six populations suggesting the effectiveness of these resistance genes. Virulence frequency to Lr2a, Lr3, Lr3bg, ,Lr20, Lr30 and Lr32 were variable in the six populations. Virulence diversity in Yunnan and Sichuan populations were the highest, followed by Henan, Gansu and Shanxi populations, Qinghai population was the lowest.