常用词“合”对“当、应”的历时替换及其消退考

The Study on the Diachronic Substitution of He(合),Dang(当),Ying(应) and the Regression of He(合)

助动词"合"虽然始见于西汉,但用例极少;即使到了隋唐宋三代,与"当、应"相比,仍处于次要地位;金元时期,无论在使用频率还是语法功能方面,"合"都处于强势地位;然而,明清两代,"合"的使用频次骤减,以至于现代汉语中,"合"基本被淘汰出局。原因有二:(1)在与"该"的竞争中失去优势;(2)自身义项过多,影响表义的明确性。

Although the auxiliary verb of He（合） firstly arised in Xihan（西汉） dynasty, it used very rarely; Even if in Sui（隋） Tang（唐） and Song（宋） dynasty, it was still in the secondary position; In Jin（ 金） and Yuan（元） dynasty, He（合） was in mighty position no matter whatever frequency of utilization or grammatical function. However, the frequency of usage of He（合） suddenly decreased in Ming（明） and Qing（清） dynasty, and up to contemporary Chinese language, He（合） was basically eliminated. There were two reasons, firstly, it lost dominant position to vie with Gai（该）; secondly, its meanings are too much, that influences the clarityof lexeme.