浅析人权白皮书中的人权话语及其变迁

Human Rights Discourse and Its Changes in White Papers on Human Rights of China

分析考察历年人权白皮书,是归结整理我国官方人权话语及其变迁的一个有价值的视角。从结构体例来看,历年白皮书可以归结为三种模式:混合模式、"五位一体"模式和权利清单模式。与前两种模式相比,权利清单模式体例更统一,用语更规范,权利编排上也更符合当今中国实际,体现出在人权观念和话语上的一些新变化。在历年白皮书中,生存权所占比重逐渐减少,这与我国经济社会发展的总体趋势是逻辑一致的。生存权在完成其解决温饱问题的历史使命之后,将不再构成我国人权话语体系的核心语汇。发展权利的内容日益完善,重要性不断凸显。在2013年人权白皮书中独立成篇的社会保障权利,突出反映了我国社会发展和人权保障的"民生"特色。发展权利和社会保障权利将成为我国今后人权话语的新重心。

Analysis of the Chinese White Paper on Human Rights in the past years provides a valuable per- spective for understanding the official human rights discourse and its change. There are three types of text structures of the white paper on human rights over the years： hybrid mode, ＂integrity in five parts＂ mode, rights list mode. Compared with the first two modes, the rights list mode possesses more integrity which shows more standardized language and compilation suitable for the Chinese situation. New features of the rights list indicate the new changes of the human rights view and discourse. According to the text of white papers in the past years, the proportion of the right to subsistence has gradually reduced, which accords with the trend of economic and social development. China has solved the problem of food and clothing, therefore the right to subsistence will not be the core word of human rights discourse system in China. Right to development becomes more and more important and the content is more complete. For the first time, right to social security turns into a separate section in white paper of 2013, which implies that the attention to the people＇ s livelihood has become the outstanding characteristics of the protection of human rights in china. Rights to development and social security will be new core words of human rights discourse system in China.