人红细胞冻干保护剂的研究进展

A review of lyophilized reagent for human red blood cells

冷冻干燥法是实现红细胞长期保存的方法之一,要实现冻干,首要解决的问题是维持细胞膜的完整性和功能。低温和干燥是对膜产生损伤的主要因素,通过添加保护剂,优化降温速率及冻干程序、复水方法等,可以缓解冻干过程对膜的损伤。其中冻干保护剂的作用是保持细胞膜结构和减少渗透性损伤,其构成主要为碳水化合物(糖类)、聚合物、蛋白类和其他一些成分。本文对目前常用的冻干保护剂的种类、作用机制、研究进展和存在的问题,进行了分析和总结,并对未来研究及发展方向进行了展望。

Freeze drying is one of the methods for long-term preservation of red blood cells. It is important to maintain the integrity and function of cell membranes before lyophilization. Low temperature and drying are the main factors driving damage in membrane. Usually,to prevent this damage,protective agent can be added,in addition to optimizing the rate of cooling and freeze-drying process and optimizing the methods of rehydration. The lyophilized reagent can keep the membrane structure intact and reduce damage to its permeability. The protective reagent can be divided into several types,such as carbohydrates（ sugar）,polymers,proteins and other components. In this paper,we review the types of lyophilized reagent,its action mechanisms,research progress and existing problems. Finally,we summarized the development of the lyophilized reagent in the future.