秸秆机械集中沟埋还田的经济效益分析

Analysis on economic benefit of straw concentrated ditch-buried returning field using machine

采用秸秆机械沟埋和常规还田方式,将上季作物秸秆进行全量还田(稻麦秸秆沟埋量分别为2.10,1.05 kg·m-1)。设置沟埋深度20 cm(D2),30 cm(D3),常规还田(CK)3个处理,分析稻麦作物从播到收生育全过程农田的成本投入与收入关系以及生态补偿来评价秸秆机械集中沟埋还田对稻麦轮作田总经济效益的影响。结果表明:秸秆常规还田,沟深20,30 cm机械开沟秸秆集中沟埋还田投入成本分别为15 423.80,18 686.89,21 585.56元·hm-2·a-1,经济总收入分别为43 038.24,47 890.57,45 721.98元·hm-2·a-1;CK,D2,D3生态功能价值分别为37 960.75,51 621.85,40 632.34元·hm-2·a-1,生态补偿价值分别为197.68,770.97,525.21元·hm-2·a-1,经济总效益分别为27 812.30,29 974.66,24 661.64元·hm-2·a-1。秸秆机械集中沟埋还田较常规还田成本投入大,通过生态补偿机制建立,获得生态补偿量,沟深20 cm的秸秆机械集中沟埋还田具有更佳的经济总收入和效益,在不影响作物实际产量的情况下,选择适宜的开沟深度进行秸秆机械集中沟埋全量还田可较常规还田获得更高的总经济效益。

A field experiment was carried out with three processing methods to all the straw in the field（at the rate of2. 10 and 1. 05 kg·m- 1with rice and wheat straw,individually）,with ditch depth of 20 cm（D2）,30 cm（D3） and conventional field（CK）. The relationship between cost and income and ecological compensation of wheat and rice crops from sowing to harvest was analyzed in the whole process from farmland in order to evaluate economic effect of straw concentrated ditch-buried returning field using machine from rice-winter wheat rotation field. The results indicated that cost input of material was 15 423. 80,18 686. 89,21 585. 56 yuan·hm- 2·a- 1,while the total income was43 038. 24,47 890. 57,45 721. 98 yuan·hm- 2·a- 1under CK,D2 and D3 for experimental field during rice-winter wheat rotation system,respectively. The value of ecosystem services and ecological compensation was 37 960. 75,51 621. 85,40 632. 34 yuan·hm- 2·a- 1and 197. 68,770. 97,525. 21 yuan·hm- 2·a- 1,whose economic total benefit was 27 812. 30,29 974. 66,24 661. 64 yuan·hm- 2·a- 1under CK,D2 and D3 during rice-winter wheat rotation sys-tem,respectively. Straw concentrated ditch-buried returning field using machine had a greater cost input than CK.Through the establishment of ecological compensation mechanism for ecological compensation,straw concentrated ditch-buried returning field using machine with the depth of 20 cm had the best economic revenue and net profit.Straw concentrated ditch-buried returning field using machine ditch with suitable ditch depth can bring higher economic benefits than that of CK.