焦化厂周边区域环境空气质量的调查分析

Survey on Ambient Air Quality in Vicinity of Coking Plants

[目的]了解焦化厂对周边煤矿厂区内的生活、生产环境空气质量的影响。[方法]分别采集煤矿厂区内环境空气中二氧化氮(NO2)、硫化氢(H2S)、氨(NH3)、苯(C6H6)、甲苯(C7H8)、二甲苯(C8H10)、氰化氢(HCN)及一氧化碳(CO)的样品,并对照GB 3095—1996《环境空气质量标准》、GB 16297—1996《大气污染物综合排放标准》及GB16171—2012《炼焦化学工业污染物排放标准》分析煤矿厂区内环境空气质量状况。[结果]在各检测点各时段内,煤矿厂区内环境空气中NH3均超过国家相关标准规定的限值,75.52%的H2S及10.94%的NO2样品浓度超过国家相关标准规定的限值。C6H6、C7H8、C8H10、HCN、CO、NO2的浓度均符合国家相关标准规定的限值。其中,距离C焦化厂最近的煤矿厂区东面检测区域NO2的污染水平高于北面,CO的污染水平高于南、西、北面(P<0.05)。在检测时间段2:00—6:00时和14:00—18:00时中,NO2和H2S样品超标较低,NH3和H2S的污染浓度低于8:00—12:00时和20:00—24:00时(P<0.05);在检测时间段14:00—18:00时中,NO2的污染浓度低于20:00—24:00时(P<0.05)。[结论]煤矿厂区周边焦化厂产生的污染物对煤矿厂区内空气质量产生了一定的影响,污染物浓度呈现出凌晨至上午上升,上午至下午下降,下午至晚上上升到最高后到下一个凌晨又下降的变化趋势。针对上述空气质量情况,煤矿厂区应采取相应防护措施,保护职工健康。

[Objective] To evaluate the influence of coking plants on the air quality of living and manufacturing environment of a surrounding coal mine area. [Methods] Ambient air samples of nitrogen dioxide（NO2）, hydrogen sulfide（H2S）, ammonia（NH3）, benzene（C6H6）, toluene（C7H8）, dimethylbenzene（C8H10）, hydrogen cyanide（HCN）, and carbon monoxide（CO） were collected from selected spots in the coal mine area. According to the Ambient air quality standard（GB 3095-1996）, Comprehensive emission standard of air pollutants（GB 16297-1996）, and Emission standard of pollutants for coking chemical industry（GB 16171-2012）, the samples were analyzed to understand the air quality in the vicinity area. [Results] The analysis showed that all of the NH3 samples, 75.52% of the H2 S samples, and 10.94% of the NO2 samples exceeded the national standard limits. The results of C6H6, C7H8, C8H10, HCN, CO, and NO2 were qualified. In the eastern coal mine area closest to Plant C, the levels of NO2 were higher than those in the northern part, and the levels of CO were higher than those in the southern, western, and northern parts（P 〈0.05）. In the sampling time session 2：00-6：00 and 14：00-18：00, lower unqualified proportions of H2 S and NO2 samples were recorded, and the levels of NH3 and H2 S were significantly lower than those in 8：00-12：00 and 20：00-24：00（P 〈0.05）. The levels of NO2 were significantly lower in 14：00-18：00 than in 20：00-24：00（P 〈0.05）. [Conclusion] Pollutants from coking plants surrounding the coal mine area have certain impacts on the quality of air in the coal mine area, and show a trend rising in the morning, then falling in the afternoon, rising in the evening to the highest, then falling again in the next dawn. Given this, appropriate precautions should be taken to protect the health of workers.