机车乘务员职业倦怠影响因素研究

Infl uencing Factors of Job Burnout in Locomotive Attendants

[目的]了解机车乘务员的职业倦怠状况,探讨职业倦怠影响因素。[方法]采用哥本哈根倦怠量表(Copenhagen Burnout Inventory,CBI)对昆明铁路局机务段在岗机车乘务员进行职业倦怠及其影响因素的调查,同时对该人群进行职业健康检查;采用多重线性回归方法分析职业倦怠的影响因素。[结果]共发放问卷2 024份,回收有效问卷1 967份,有效回收率为97.18%;调查对象均为男性,年龄(37.56±7.19)岁。该人群职业倦怠平均得分为73.44±23.06,108人处于轻度职业倦怠,占总人数的5.49%;551人处于中度职业倦怠,占总人数的28.01%;1 308人处于高度职业倦怠,占总人数的66.50%。经多重线性回归分析显示,付出影响、回报情况、自身工作条件3个公因子进入方程;从标准化偏回归系数看,职业倦怠影响因素由大到小顺序为:付出影响、回报情况、自身工作条件;从偏回归系数看付出影响与职业倦怠程度总体上呈正相关,而回报情况和自身工作条件与职业倦怠程度总体上呈负相关(P<0.001)。[结论]机车乘务员职业倦怠现状较严重;影响职业倦怠的主要因素为付出影响、回报情况、自身工作条件。

[Objective] To assess the condition of job burnout in locomotive attendants, and to examine its influencing factors. [Methods] A questionnaire survey using Copenhagen Burnout Inventory（CBI） was conducted among locomotive attendants of Kunming Railway Bureau to assess job burnout and its influencing factors. They also were invited to an occupational health examination. Multivariate linear regression was applied to analyze the data. [Results] Of the 2 024 questionnaires delivered, 1 967（97.18%） returned ones were valid. The age of the participants was（37.56±7.19） years, and all were male. The job burnout average score was 73.44±23.06. Of the 1 967 locomotive attendants, 108（5.49%） were identified with mild job burnout, 551（28.01%） with moderate job burnout, and 1 308（66.50%） with severe job burnout. The results of multivariate linear regression showed that three common factors（effort, reward, and personal work-related details） entered the model. The standardized partial regression coefficients indicated the leading contribution of the influencing factors were effort followed by reward and personal work-related details. The partial regression coefficients suggested that job burnout level was positively correlated with effort, while negatively with reward or personal work-related details. [Conclusion] Job burnout is prevalent among the locomotive attendants. Effort, reward, and personal work-related details are the risk factors of job burnout.