集体无意识与刻意颠覆——《雾都孤儿》与《我们共同的朋友》中的犹太形象分析

Collective Unconscious and intended reversion:Dickens' Jewish images in Oliver Twist and Our Mutual Friend

狄更斯在其第二部小说《雾都孤儿》和最后一部小说《我们共同的朋友》中,塑造了两个迥然不同的犹太人物形象——恶棍费金和绅士瑞亚先生。费金的肮脏丑陋、讨好巴结、吝啬贪婪以及残忍恶毒,与瑞亚的温和优雅、自尊坚定、追求平和以及同情友善形成了鲜明的反差。这种反差背后所反映的,一方面是英国社会对犹太人的盲目偏见所形成的集体无意识的反犹主义文学传统,以及丑化犹太人的典型模式;另一方面是作为人道主义作家的狄更斯刻意进行的犹太人形象颠覆,狄更斯为自己、也为整个犹太民族进行了正名。

The two Jewish images of the villainous Fagin in Charles Dickens＇ second novel Oliver Twist and the gentle and upright Mr. Riah in his last novel Our Mutual Friend constitute a sharp contrast with striking differences. While Fagin is a filthy,repulsively ugly,obsequious,money-hungry and vicious villain,Mr. Riah is a graceful,dignified,peace-pursuing,compassionate and supportive gentleman. The contrast reveals,on the one hand,the collective unconscious of anti-Semitic British literary tradition with a stereotyped depiction of the Jew;and on the other hand,the intended reversion by the humanist Dickens who strives for a vindication of both the misinterpretation of his being anti-Semite and the blind social prejudice against the race of Jew.