社区女性对卒中传统危险因素和自身卒中风险认知的调查研究

Survey on Knowledge of Traditional Stroke Risk Factors and Perceived Risk for Developing Stroke in Women

目的调查重庆市渝中区社区女性居民对卒中传统危险因素及卒中发生风险的认识情况。方法于2011年1月至12月进行横断面调查,采用多阶段抽样方法在渝中区抽取1000户住户,每户确定一位女性居民,由经统一培训的调查员以面对面的方式调查社区女性居民对卒中传统危险因素（吸烟、高血压、糖尿病、高脂血症、心脏病、既往卒中病史）及自身卒中风险的认识情况。结果共682例调查对象完成了问卷调查。社区女性居民对卒中传统危险因素的知晓率为53.8%~88.0%;卒中风险的认识水平仅为17.2%,文化程度、高血压、高脂血症、心脏病、既往卒中病史与卒中风险的认识水平独立相关（P〈0.05）;自身存在的卒中危险因素数量越多,认识到存在卒中风险的比例越高（P〈0.05）。结论社区女性居民对卒中风险的认识水平偏低,尤其是存在卒中危险因素的女性,其卒中风险认识水平有待提高。

Objective To investigate the knowledge level of traditional stroke risk factors and perceived risk for developing stroke in women.Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted from January to December in 2011. Multistage sampling was used and 1000 households were selected in Yuzhong district, each household determined one female member to join the survey. A trained interviewer conducted a face-to-face investigation of knowledge about traditional stroke risk factors, including smoking, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, heart disease and previous stroke, and perceived risk for developing stroke.Results A total of 682 participants completed the survey. The respondents＇ awareness rate of traditional stroke risk factors ranged from 53.8% to 88.0%. Only 17.2% of respondents perceived themselves to be at risk for developing stroke. In the multivariate analyses, educational level, a history of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, heart disease and previous stroke were independent predictors of perceived risk for stroke（P〈0.05）. Patients with more risk factors had a higher awareness of perceived risk for stroke（P0.05）.Conclusion Female residents of Chongqing do not perceive themselves to be at risk for stroke. The awareness of the risk for stroke has yet to be enhanced in women, especially those women with stroke risk factors.