哺乳动物卵母细胞成熟相关信号通路的研究进展

Signaling Pathways Involving in Mammalian Oocyte Maturation: A Review

哺乳动物的卵母细胞成熟是一个由多因子调控的复杂生理过程,主要为完成减数分裂并停滞在第Ⅱ次分裂中期的卵母细胞成为一个可受精的卵母细胞。在卵母细胞成熟中,第Ⅱ次减数分裂中期的停滞主要靠细胞内高浓度的环磷酸腺苷(c AMP)维持,而黄体生成激素(LH)、表皮生长因子(EGF)、细胞外调节蛋白激酶1/2(ERK1/2)、p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(p38MAPK)、Ca2+以及缝隙连接(gap junction)等多种分子和结构及其信号通路均参与或促进了卵母细胞的减数分裂和成熟。现对近期卵母细胞成熟的相关研究进行综述。与此同时,也为女性不孕症的临床治疗和研究及卵母细胞体外成熟培养提供一定的参考。

Mammalian oocyte maturation is a complex physiological process regulated by a vast number of factors, which aims to produce a fertilizable oocyte from the oocyte finished already the meiotic division and arrested in the secondary metaphase. The meiotic division arrested in secondary metaphase is mainly dependent on the cytoplasm c AMP at high concentration. Meanwhile, many factors and their signaling pathways, as well as cellular structures, are involved in promoting the meiotic division and oocyte maturation, such as LH, EGF,ERK1/2, p38 MAPK, Ca^2＋ and gap junction. Oocyte maturation and its molecular regulation were reviewed, so as to provide useful references for the research and treatment of female infertility and the in vitro maturation.