社区老年人心理弹性现状及影响因素研究

The Psychological Resilience Status of the Elderly in Communities and Its Influencing Factors

目的了解社区老年人心理弹性现状及影响因素,为提升老年人应对负性事件的能力,提高心理弹性提供建议和依据。方法采用滚雪球抽样法,于2012年12月—2013年1月选取天津市2个社区的250例老年人为研究对象,采用一般资料问卷和老年人心理弹性量表进行调查分析。结果收回有效问卷210份,有效回收率为84.0%。老年人心理弹性总分为(115.7±15.7)分,其中家庭凝聚力维度得分最高,为(25.6±3.5)分,精神寄托维度得分最低,为(9.1±3.0)分。单因素分析结果显示,不同现居住状况、经济状况、子女居住地及与子女、亲戚、朋友、邻居交流状况的老年人心理弹性得分间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Pearson相关分析表明,老年人现居住状况、经济状况、子女居住地及与子女、亲戚、朋友、邻居交流状况均与老年人心理弹性呈相关关系(P<0.05),纳入回归分析,结果表明现居住状况及与子女、朋友、邻居交流状况对老年人心理弹性的影响有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论老年人心理弹性处于中等偏上水平,现居住状况及与子女、朋友、邻居交流状况是其影响因素,社区、社会及医护工作者应重视老年人心理弹性的塑造,通过多种途径提高老年人心理弹性水平。

Objective To investigate the psychological resilience status of the elderly in communities and its influencing factors,and provide recommendations for improving the psychological resilience in the elderly and their ability of coping with negative events. Methods In this study,we used snowball sampling method and enrolled 250 elderly people from two communities in Tianjin from December 2012 to January 2013. Questionnaires of basic information and scales of psychological resilience in the elderly were used. Results A total of 210 effective questionnaires were collected,the effective rate 84. 0%. The total score of psychological resilience in the elderly was（ 115. 7 ± 15. 7）,the family cohesion dimension had the highest score（ 25. 6 ± 3. 5）,and the spiritual dimension had the lowest score（ 9. 1 ± 3. 0）. The single factor analysis showed that there was statistical significance（ P〈 0. 05） in the differences among scores of elderly people with different residence status,economic condition,children＇ s place of residence, and communication with children, relatives, friends and neighbours. The Pearson correlation analysis showed that the elderly＇ s psychological resilience had correlativity（ P〈 0. 05） with residence status,economic condition,children＇ s place of residence, and communication with children, relatives, friends and neighbours. The regression analysis indicated that the influence by residence status and communication with children,friends and neighbours on the elderly＇s psychological resilience was statistically significant（ P〈 0. 05）. Conclusion The psychological resilience in theelderly is at upper- middle level, and is influenced by residence status and communication with children, friends and neighbours. Community,society and health care workers should attach more importance to the psychological resilience in the elderly and take multiple measures to improve it.