特质与结构:环境问责机制的理论探究

Characteristics and Structure: Theoretical Studies on Environmental Accountability System

环境问责制是政府机构通过相关法律法规对参与环境活动的主体和客体的职责与权利做出明确,并对其落实程度进行考核的一整套具科学性和可行性的综合评判标准。权利客体借助特定形式对自身行为绩效进行表达,权利主体对其表对进行综合评估并辅之以相应奖惩举措。这一制度在实践中表现出效应两重性、向度全程性、形式多元化、内容普遍性、结果多样性等基本特质。制度框架包括问责的主体,对象,范围,程序,方法和结果等因素。

Environmental accountability is a comprehensive evaluation criterion by which government agencies define the object of both responsibilities and rights with relevant laws and regulations and then assess the degree of implementation of the responsibilities and rights of the parties. The object of the rights express itself by means of describing the behavior of the performance and other forms of proof while the subject of rights make a comprehensive assessment to give judgment on the performance of the object with appropriate incentive measures. In practice, it exhibits some characteristics like double effect, full dimensions, diversified forms, content universality, diversity results and so on. This framework includes subject, object, range, program, method, result and so on.