232例自发性脑出血患者的临床流行病学特点分析

Epidemiological Analysis on 232 Patients with Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage

目的分析232例自发性脑出血患者的临床流行病学特点,为自发性脑出血的进一步防治提供科学依据。方法选择2008—2013年在南通市中医院就诊的自发性脑出血患者232例,回顾性分析患者的临床流行病学特点,根据研究需要设计标准的《自发性脑出血患者登记表》,从每一份自发性脑出血患者的原始住院病历中收集有关内容。结果 232例患者中男女之比为2.05∶1,男性好发于60～70岁,女性好发于70～80岁;患者职业呈多样化,居首位的是退休人员83例（35.78%）,其次是无业72例（31.03%）;患者诱因中以诱因不详为主,为135例（58.19%）;患者既往史中有高血压病史者161例（69.40%）,吸烟、饮酒史者57例（24.57%）,脑卒中病史者30例（12.93%）;患者初发症状主要为肢体感觉运动功能障碍121例（52.16%）,头晕、头痛81例（34.91%）,意识障碍65例（28.02%）;患者病变部位主要是基底核区109例（46.98%）,其次是脑叶45例（19.40%）;患者转归情况：好转165例（71.12%）,死亡39例（16.81%）。结论自发性脑出血以老年男性为主,多数患者为退休人员和无业人员,常有高血压病史及吸烟饮酒史,患者初发症状以肢体感觉运动功能障碍、头晕、头痛为主,基底核区出血多见,且患者预后良好。

Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of 232 patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage,to provide scientific evidences for better prevention and treatment of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage.Methods From January 2008 to December 2013,a total of 232 patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage were selected in the Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Nantong,and their clinical data was collected,epidemiological characteristics summarizd. Results The sex ratio（ M∶ F） was 2. 05∶ 1,high-incidence age of male was 60 to 70 years old,that of female was 70 to 80 years old. The occupations of the 232 patients was various,the proportion of retired people and jobless people was35. 78%,31. 03%,respectively. The proportion of unknown precipitating factor was 58. 19%. The proportion of hypertension history,smoking and drinking history,stroke history was 69. 40%,24. 57%,12. 93%,respectively. The incidence of limbs sensorimotor function obstacle, dizziness and headache, disorders of consciousness was 52. 16%, 34. 91%, 28. 02%,respectively. The diseased regions mainly included basal ganglia area（ 46. 98%） and brain lobes（ 19. 40%）. Clinical outcome： 165 cases were cured,39 cases died. Conclusion Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage is mainly occurred in aged male,and most of them are retired or jobless,have history of hypertension,smoking and drinking; limbs sensorimotor function obstacle,dizziness and headache,disorders of consciousness are common initial symptoms,and basal ganglia area is the main diseased regions,while the clinical outcome is good.