家庭背景因素对2～3岁城市中层儿童执行功能发展的影响

The Influence of Family Factors on the development of 2-3 year-olds' executive functions from the middle socioeconomic status

研究选取北京市3所幼儿园的73名儿童，采用固定盒子任务、延迟满足等待任务和A非B任务，系统探索了家庭背景因素对2～3岁城市中层儿童执行功能的影响。结果表明，二者之间存在具体的影响关系：非独生子女在抑制控制任务上好于独生子女；家庭成员数量越多，儿童在认知灵活性任务上表现越好；父母更高的受教育水平对儿童的认知灵活性有更积极的影响；家庭收入对执行功能的发展无显著影响；研究所涉及的家庭背景因素对工作记忆均无显著影响。可见，家庭因素会对儿童执行功能的发展产生一定影响。

This paper studied that family factors affected 2-3 year-old children＇s executive {unctions （EFs） development from the middle socioeconomic status. Seventy-three children were selected from three kindergartens in Beijing. It used fixed box task, gift delay task and A-not-B task to assess 3 EFs components： working memory, inhibition control, and cognitive flexibility. Results suggested that non-only-child had better performance on inhibition control task; the more family members child lived with, the better performance on cognitive flexibility task they had; parents＇ education level had significant influence on children＇s cognitive flexibility; family income had no significant effect on EF development, and all family factors involved in this article had no significant impact on working memory development.