永康市自产蔬菜中有害元素的污染调查研究

Investigation of harmful elements pollution in self-grow vegetables in Yongkang

目的了解永康市自产蔬菜中Pb、Cd、Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn、As、Hg 8种有害元素的含量及污染程度,为蔬菜种植提供科学依据。方法分别在大园童、栗园、城南、黄塘、新店5个蔬菜基地采集248份蔬菜样品,采用原子吸收光谱法测定Pb、Cd、Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn的含量,原子荧光光谱法测定As、Hg的含量,并根据国家食品卫生标准限值和蔬菜质量等级,采用内梅罗综合污染指数法进行评价。结果永康市自产蔬菜中8种有害元素的内梅罗含量超出标准限值的情况为:Pb4种,Cd 3种,Ni 7种,Hg 1种;采用内梅罗综合污染指数法进行评价,瓜果类1.0,为2级,属警戒限;根茎类1.1,为3级,属轻污染;叶菜类2.1,为4级,属中污染;合计2.0,为3级,属轻污染。结论永康市自产蔬菜中有害元素的污染情况不容乐观,其中以Ni的积累最为广泛,应引起足够重视。

Objective To find out the harmful elements（ Pb,Cd,Cr,Ni,Cu,Zn,As,Hg） contents and degree of pollution in vegetables in Yongkang,and provide scientific basis for vegetable cultivation. Methods 248 vegetable samples were collected respectively in 5 vegetable plantation,that is,Dayuantong,Liyuan,Chengnan,Huangtang,Xindian. Pb,Cd,Cr,Ni,Cu,Zn were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry（ AAS）,Hg and As were determined by atomic fluorescence spectrometry（AFS）. And in accordance with the national food sanitation standard limits and vegetable quality grade,the results were evaluated by Nemerow integrated pollution index. Results The content higher than standard Pb was 4 kinds,Cd was 3 kinds,Ni was7 kinds,Hg was 1kind. Evaluated by Nemerow integrated pollution index method,melon and fruits was 1. 0,level 2,belonging to a warning limit; rhizome 1. 1,level 3,belonging to slight pollution; leafy vegetables 2. 1,level 4,belonging to middle pollution; total 2,level 3,belong to light pollution. The integrated pollution was 2. 0,three degree,light pollution. Conclusion The situation of harmful elements pollution in Yongkang self-grow vegetables was not optimistic,in which the accumulation of Ni especially wide which should be paid attention to.