出口对全要素能源效率的影响研究——基于中国37个工业行业视角的经验分析

Study on Influence of Export on Total Factor Energy Efficiency: An Empirical Analysis from Perspective of 37 Industrial Sectors in China

本文基于DEA-SBM模型测算了2000-2011年碳排放约束下中国37个工业行业的能源效率,然后分别运用静态和动态面板数据模型的估计方法,综合多种因素实证考察了出口对工业行业能源效率的影响。结果表明:中国工业行业能源效率在2003年前后有明显的波动,随后尽管呈现出缓慢上升的态势,但总体平均水平依然较低,约为0.379;针对工业行业整体的实证分析表明,出口对能源效率的影响显著为负,即出口增加会降低能源效率;针对37个工业行业进行分类估计的结果也表明,出口增加会降低能源效率,结论具有很好的稳健性;化学原料及化学制品制造业、黑色金属冶炼及压延加工业、非金属制品业仅以3.36%、2.18%、1.85%的出口占比消耗了14.17%、13.97%、9.75%的行业能源。因此,高能耗产业产品的出口是降低中国工业行业能源效率的主要原因。

This paper, based on the DEA-SBM method, calculates the total factor energy efficiency of China＇ s 37 industrial sectors from 1990 to 2011 in the presence of carbon emission constraint. Then it uses static and dynamic panel data model estimation methods to study the effect of export on the energy efficiency in the industrial sectors. The findings show that energy efficiency has obvious fluctuations around the year 2003, and then the energy efficiency presented a steady tendency of rising, but it remained low at about 0.379. The empirical analysis of the whole industrial sector shows that the effect of export on the industrial sectors is significantly negative, indi- cating that the increase in the export reduces the energy efficiency. The empirical anal- ysis of the industrial sectors with high and low energy efficiency, high and low energy consumption and the analysis of the heavy and light industry sectors show that, the in- crease in export reduces the energy efficiency and the conclusions claim high robust- ness. The chemical industry, ferrous metal processing industry and the non-metal prod- ucts industry consume 14.17%, 13.97% and 9.75% of the industrial energy with the proportions of 3.36%, 2.18% and 1.85% in the industrial export respectively. Therefore, the export of industry sectors with high energy consumption contributes mainly to the reduction in the energy efficiency of industrial sectors in China.