对外贸易与中国劳动者的收入份额——基于1978-2012年中国省际面板数据的研究

Foreign Trade and China's Labor Income Share: A Research Based on China's Provincial Data of 1978-2012

本文基于1978-2012年中国省际面板数据,研究了对外贸易对中国的劳动收入份额的影响。结果显示,对外贸易使中国劳动收入份额下降,并且,出口和进口贸易对中国劳动收入份额的提高均起抑制作用。这是因为:一方面,中国的出口贸易模式背离了自身的比较优势,出口产品以资本密集型产品为主;另一方面,以资本密集型中间产品进口为主的加工贸易加剧了中国的结构性失业。同时,中国的劳动和资本要素呈互补关系,因此,提高资本密集度、鼓励创新、促进生产技术进步对提高中国劳动收入份额起着不可忽视的重要作用。

Based on China＇s provincial data during 1978-2012, this paper studies the impact of foreign trade on China＇ s labor income share. The results indicate that the foreign trade restrains China＇s labor income share. Furthermore, the export and import both have negative effects on China＇s labor income share. The reasons are as follows： on one hand, the capitalintensive products account for the majority of China＇s exports, which deviates from its comparative advantage; on the other hand, the pro- cessing trade featuring imports of capital-intensive intermediate products has accelerat- ed China＇s structural unemployment. The paper also indicates that China＇s labor and capital are complementary. Hence, raising capital intensity, encouraging innovation and promoting technical progress will play a remarkable role in improving China＇ s la- bor income share. Besides, the paper finds that promoting the economic development and upgrading the industrial structure will help improve China＇ s labor income share; and that the financial revenue squeezes out the labor＇s income; and that the fiscal ex- penditure can effectively improve China＇s labor income share.