“邻居”的影响有多大——出口企业集聚与海外市场扩张

Impact from“Neighbors”: Export Firms Agglomeration and Overseas Market Expansion

本文基于出口信息障碍与融资约束的综合视角,通过匹配2002-2006年中国工业企业与海关进出口微观数据,实证研究了县域范围内出口集聚的溢出效应。研究发现:出口企业的县域集聚显著激励了出口企业海外扩张行为,这种溢出效应不仅存在于行业内部,也惠及了集聚行业以外的出口企业;劳动密集型企业得益于频繁的人口流动与更强的融资约束进而获得更多的溢出收益;低生产率企业更倾向于从行业内部捕获溢出效应,而高生产率企业则更擅于吸收行业间溢出效应。这些发现在处理了内生性与安慰剂检验下依然稳健。

This paper, based on the comprehensive perspective of information obstacles and credit constraints, investigates the export spillovers in counties by merging the firm-level data and the product-level trade data between 2002 and 2006. The study finds that the agglomeration improves significantly the overseas market expansion of export firms and the export spillovers, not only exist inside the industry, but also benefit the exporters outside the industry. The labor-inten- sive firms profit more from the agglomeration due to the frequent labor flow and more severe credit constraints. The low-productivity firms capture more gains from the intra-industry, while the firms with higher productivity get more from the inter-industry. All findings are robust after the endogeneity and placebo test.